43 



WILD FLOWERS AROUND CARLISLE. Part II. 

 By W. DUCKWORTH. 



(Read at Carlisle, 1 884 J 



Last year I finished the first part of this paper with the Heaths, 

 Ericace^, ending with the Winter Green, Pryola media. The three 

 orders following this contain trees and shrubs only, and therefore 

 have nothing to do with the present paper. The trees around 

 Carlisle would be a very good subject for some future paper, if 

 anyone will take it up. I hope some one of our members will act 

 on this suggestion. 



The first flowers we have to deal with to-night are the Pere- 

 winkles, order Apocynace.e. Neither the Lesser, Vinca minor, 

 nor the Greater, V. major, are indigenous to this part of the 

 country, and therefore we generally find them about gardens and 

 pleasure grounds ; often in a seemingly wild state, though I think 

 such is never really the case. 



The Gentianace^, as far as my knowledge goes, are only 

 represented by two genera. In the first, Erythraa, by E. centaurium, 

 a plant much sought after by our cottage doctors. Its pretty tufts 

 of pink flowers are open only during dry weather, and even then 

 they close about three o'clock in the afternoon. It varies much in 

 its growth, dependent upon the situation : on the Scar, where 

 there is much undergrowth, it grows to two feet in height, while in 

 some of the pastures about Stainton it reaches only three or four 

 inches. In the next genus, Menya?ithes, we have but one flower, 

 and that the Bog Bean, M. irifoliota, considered by many to be 



