47 



plant of much larger growth, near Blackwell. The Knotted Fig- 

 wort, Scrophularia nodosa, often known as Stinking Roger, is 

 common by most of our river-sides. S. aquatica is much the rarer 

 plant with us, and I have only seen it in three places — ^Scaleby 

 meadows, the Scar, and the Cherm Wood, near Cargo. It may be 

 easily distinguished from the other by its winged stem, and by the 

 absence of tubers at the root. On the Scar this summer (1884), 

 we had plants which measured nine feet in height — five feet more 

 than what Hooker gives. Digitalis purpurea is common in many 

 places, but seems to be somewhat local in its distribution, as some- 

 times in a day's walk you will not see a single plant. I remember 

 walking last year from the Alston branch of the North Eastern 

 Railway to Brampton along what, I think, is known as the Black 

 Fell side, and not a single plant of Foxglove did I see till I got to 

 Farlam, and there they were very much dwarfed. I am not 

 geologist enough to say, but I think that there I must have crossed 

 from one geological formation to another. In the Toadflaxes we 

 are only represented by two species. Linaria cymbalaria, commonly 

 known as Aaron's Beard or Wandering Sailor, is considered by 

 many authors as not really indigenous, though when it was first 

 established is not certainly known. It may often be seen festooning 

 old walls, as at Carleton, St. Ann's, etc. The finest plants I ever 

 saw are growing on the walls of Scaleby Castle. It is often a 

 favourite window-plant in cottages, being grown in a hanging pot. 

 The Common Toadflax, Z. vulgaris, the Butter and Eggs of 

 country children, may often be found on railway banks and waste 

 ground ; it grows near the Caledonian Railway Sheds, and in the 

 Stainton lanes. The Mudwort, Limosella aquatica, is found at 

 Newby and Thurstonfield. Mimuhis luteus, known as the Monkey 

 Flower, though naturalised in many parts of Cumberland and 

 Westmorland, does not occur near Carlisle, except as a garden 

 flower. 



In the Broomrapes, order OROBANCHACEiE, we are not repre- 

 sented, unless I stretch a point, and include that very curious 

 parasite the Toothwort, Lathraa squamaria, which has been 

 found near Low House, the nearest point I know of to Carlisle. 



