48 



Here it grows on the roots of the Horse Chesnut, a fact which is 

 not mentioned in any of my botanical works ; it is generally found 

 on the roots of the Elm and the Hazel. Last Easter I found it 

 very abundant about Lowther on both these trees. 



Verbena oMcinalis was found some time ago growing about 

 Knowefield, and was put under cultivation, where it still may be 

 seen. 



We now come to another large order of British plants, the 

 Labiate, flowers with a lip ; and according to the new lights 

 under which botany is being studied, these lips are evolved or 

 developed in order to make a resting-place for insects while 

 robbing the flower of its honey ; while so doing the insects take 

 the pollen as well as the honey, and carrying it to another flower, 

 they thus fulfil their duty as cross fertilizers. In many of the 

 plants these lips are marked with dots and streaks of darker shades 

 of the same colour as the rest of the corolla, in others with a 

 different colour, which act as honey guides to their welcome 

 visitors. Lycopus eiiropcEiis may be found at the Black Dub, a 

 little above Holme Head; and also in a wood behind the Asylum. 

 Several species of Mint, Mentha^ are common with us. Thymus 

 serpylliim on sandy soils ; Origanum vulgare, on the Scar and on 

 Skew Banks ; Calamintha acinos I saw growing pretty freely in the 

 grounds at Englethwaite on our visit there, it also occurs on the 

 banks of the Midland Railway a little higher up. Ajuga reptans 

 is not uncommon, and I have found a white variety in Wetheral 

 Woods ; white varieties of flowers are now regarded as cases of 

 reversion to an older type. Teucrium scorodonia occurs at Prim- 

 rose Banks, Skew Banks, etc. I remember some years ago seeing 

 a lot of people at Wetheral with armfuls of this " yarb." They 

 were from some part of Lancashire. Of the Dead Nettles, 

 Lamium, we have several ; the very beautiful Z. galeobdolon, I 

 know of in only one place, between Wetheral and Warwick. A 

 writer in "Science Gossip" some time ago claimed Yorkshire as 

 the most northern limit for this flower ; but I claimed for Cumber- 

 land, going a point still further north. L. maculatum occurs at 



