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To the river-drift man succeeded the cave man, who was a 

 hunter, a fowler, and a fisher. His implements, of stone, were 

 superior to those of his predecessor ; he was an artist, endowed 

 with the faculty of carving on ivory and other substances animal 

 forms with extraordinary fidelity, and many specimens of his work 

 remain to us. His range was much more restricted than that of 

 the river-drift man — from the Alps and the Pyrenees to Derby- 

 shire and Belgium, and eastward to Poland and Styria. He hunted 

 the reindeer, the horse, the bison, and the mammoth, the woolly 

 rhinoceros, the cave bear, the urus, the musk-sheep, and the 

 ibex. He is now represented, by the Esquimos ; and the cave 

 man probably disappeared from this country about the time that 

 it became an island, and when its climate changed from an arctic to 

 a temperate one. We know a great deal more about him and his 

 habits than we do about those of his predecessors : we have the 

 Esquimos to go to for explanation of what would otherwise puzzle 

 us. The cave man, again, had no pottery : we have his refuse- 

 heaps and his rubbish-heaps, and not a potsherd among them. 

 But we know how he did without them : we have the Esquimos to 

 tell us ; and therefore we say that his vessels for holding water 

 were probably of wood, or skin, or horn. The horns of the bison, 

 the urus, and the musk-sheep would make eligible vessels. He 

 probably, like the Esquimos, made a rude vessel by cementing 

 pieces of stones together with a mixture of fat and lamp-black. 

 Captain Cook saw the Esquimos using vessels made of a flat stone 

 with sides of clay, not unlike a standing-pie. In other instances, 

 they made a hole in the ground, and lined it with clay, or 

 they coated a wooden vessel with clay so as to make it stand 

 heat. No doubt the cave men knew these three simple dodges : 

 and here we have three ways in which pottery may have been 

 invented. 



There are races of men even at the present, who have not got 

 even so far as this. The Veddas of Ceylon have no pottery; 

 the Andamanese have none, and use shells and pieces of bamboo, 

 as water vessels. The Australians have none, and use vessels 

 of skin or of bark. The Maories of New Zealand have no 



