17 



campestris is not rare, and sometimes is found as high up as 1500 

 feet. Menyanihes trifoliata, in marshes and spongy bogs, up to 

 the same altitude as the preceding. Coming next to the Scrophu- 

 LARiACE^, we find Verbascum thapsus inhabiting "scree-beds" in 

 many of our mountain slopes; still more common are the tall 

 flowering spikes of the Foxglove. The last species never fails to 

 quickly occupy the space where timber has been recently cleared. 

 Mimulus luteiis, a reputed alien, seems gradually becoming estab- 

 lished in mountain runners : this is certainly the case in many of 

 the streams that empty into Ullswater, Of the Speedwells, 

 Veronica officinalis and V. serpyllifolia climb to a higher range than 

 their congeners. Coming to the Labiat^e, Mentha hirsuta and 

 M. arvensis follow the streams often to a considerable elevation. 

 The Lesser Skull Cap, on the authority of the late Mr. Dickinson, 

 is found in Thornthwaite, near Keswick. The only time I met 

 with it was about eight years ago, in a spring towards the southern 

 base of Dent Hill, near Egremont, growing side by side with 

 Radiola millegrafia, which also, by a singular coincidence, I have 

 not seen elsewhere. The Wood Sage abounds everywhere, in dry 

 rocky localities. 



Three species of Forget-me-not are met with in our mountain 

 brooks, while the drier banks can boast as many more. The 

 Common Butterwort is a tenant of most springs; and often side 

 by side with it is the Bird's-eye Primrose. The Common Primrose, 

 I may here remark, often blooms until September in lofty cold 

 situations. The Bog Pimpernel delights in spongy boggy places. 

 In such locations, high up in Borrowdale, and also in Glencoin, it 

 may be found when the Grass of Parnassus blooms. The Dock 

 family I may dismiss by stating that the Kidney-leaved Sorrel is 

 found rooting amongst rocks where the soil is moist and peaty, 

 quite up to the summit almost of our highest peaks, at the Pillar, 

 Scawfell, and Helvellyn; on the slopes of which last mountain 

 Polygonum viviparufn has also been found. The Crowberry, like 

 the Bilberry, and others already mentioned, is of frequent occur- 

 rence. 



Amentifer^. — The Oak, Beech, Hazel, Birch, and Alder, all 

 2 



