18 



adorn the lower slopes of our hills, each in the soil most fitted to 

 its growth ; while the lowly Bog Myrtle is found in peaty mosses. 

 The Willows, as a rule, do not venture much upwards. An excep- 

 tion, of course, must be made in favour of Salix herbacea, which 

 has been found on Skiddaw, the Pillar, Kidsty Pike, &c.; and 

 quite recently, as Mr. Baker informs me, some species heretofore 

 supposed to be indigenous to the Scottish hills, have been found 

 on Helvellyn and Fairfield. Of Conifers, the Yew and Juniper 

 — the latter known locally as "horse savin" — are both abundant. 

 In our lakes, tarns, and mossy pools, Pondweeds, Water-lilies, 

 Water-starworts, Milfoils, &c., are of common occurrence. The 

 Orchids, again, are mostly plants of meadow and pasture growth. 

 Similarly of the Iris and Amaryllis tribes, Garlics, &c. Of rush- 

 like plants, the supply is more than abundant. Luziila sylvatica 

 and L. congesta — the former inhabiting bosky dells, often near a 

 waterfall, the latter preferring the upland moors — are frequent; 

 while, independent of the (\s^?i\i Juncits iriglumis, inhabiting Dove 

 Crag or Striding Edge, six other rushes, including the variety 

 sub-verticillattis, are reckoned as indigenous to elevated moorish 

 ground. The pretty little Rhyncospora alba may be classed as 

 local rather than rare, for while inhabiting wet moors in Ennerdale 

 and Borrowdale abundantly, I have never succeeded in discovering 

 it in the dales converging towards Ullswater. Sedges appear in 

 strong force ; apart from those which are distinctly palustral 

 plants of the lower levels, or inhabitants of salt marshes, the 

 following may be found at varying altitudes up to 3000 feet, viz., 

 Carex pulicaris, C. muricata, C. stellulata, C. avails, C. rigida, 

 C. vulgaris, C. glanca, C. pilidifera, C. prcecox, C. laevigata, 

 C. binervis, C. flava, and C. filiformis. This last is rare, and 

 extremely local, possibly the lowest in the scale of climatic zones 

 that I have mentioned, as C. rigida is one of the highest. C. flava, 

 C. pilulifera, and C. pulicaris often grow as high as the Red Tarn, 

 say at an altitude of 2500 feet. 



Coming now to the Grasses, of which I have previously treated 

 at large in a paper read at Workington, I will confine myself to 

 Stating that nearly all our indigenous grasses are to be met with in 



