101 



Much quieter would this Kirkoswald wedding be than his first 

 grand marriage before King Henry and his court, and a much 

 quieter person must have been his second bride, for we are told 

 she never in her life was in London, or any way near it ; evidently 

 Ann Dacres was a lover of her own "north countrie." 



" Henry," says the record, "was much addicted to the study and 

 practice of chemistry and alchemy ; a great distiller of waters and 

 maker of chemical extractions, and very studious in all manner of 

 learning ; he had an excellent library of books, both hand-written 

 books and printed, to which he was addicted exceedingly, especially 

 towards his latter end." 



Now, as he died at Brougham Castle, it is fair to infer that these 

 pursuits of his latter days were followed in that castle ; and, if so, 

 the venerable pile which we are accustomed to associate only with 

 deeds of warfare, was once in its day a seat of literature and 

 science. He died at Brougham Castle in 1570, and left two sons, 

 George and Francis, and thus far the alleged astrological forecast 

 of his grandfather, the shepherd-lord, was fulfilled. 



The eldest son, George, third Earl of Cumberland, was father of 

 Anne Clifford, Countess of Pembroke. He was born at Brougham 

 Castle in 1558, three months before the death of Queen Mary, 

 and he married, as before mentioned. Lady Margaret Russell. 



We have seen that the long line of Cliffords were men of mark, 

 ever in front of the leading events of their times, and this George 

 was no exception. The mediaeval form of chivalry had passed away 

 with feudaUsm, but the spirit of chivalry was now more needed than 

 ever ; not in the conflict of dynasties for the throne, but in national 

 defence and supremacy. The man who, in Elizabeth's reign, 

 would win renown, had to seek it in the wide paths of learning, of 

 commerce, or of naval heroism ; for it was the birth-time of English 

 supremacy on the ocean, as well as of English colonization, and 

 there arose the new passion for foreign voyaging, and to this 

 George, Earl of Cumberland, gave himself and his wealth without 

 reserve. In his education he had made but little progress, except 

 in mathematics, to which he appUed himself eagerly, and to this 

 taste he owed his proficiency in navigation. His ancestors had 



