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sport fell into disuse, and was not again prevalent till after the 

 Restoration, when it was re-introduced from Holland. 



In the first year of Richard I., the Court of Aldermen ordained 

 that houses should not be built of wood, but should have a stone 

 wall sixteen feet from the ground, and be roofed with slate or tile : 

 but the houses, in spite of this, were largely built of wood. Most 

 of them were plastered and whitewashed, and one of the earliest 

 objections made by Londoners to the use of sea coal was, that 

 "the smoke blackened the white walls of their buildings." 



As the chief feature of Norman London was the foundation of 

 monasteries, and the chief feature of Plantagenet London was 

 the establishment of friaries, so Tudor London was specially 

 characterized by the suppression of the whole of these religious 

 houses, and also of the numberless religious guilds and brother- 

 hoods. When we remember that about two-thirds of the area of 

 London was occupied by these establishments, and that about 

 one-third of the inhabitants were monks, nuns, and friars, it is easy 

 to conceive the disorganization which would arise by this root and 

 branch reform. All the religious houses, and those of the friars 

 lately referred to, were all condemned in November, 1538. Their 

 buildings were in some cases used as hospitals, e.g., the monastery 

 of St. Thomas in Southwark, was purchased by the citizens, with 

 the manor of Southwark, which was enlarged and prepared for the 

 reception of "poor, sick, and helpless objects," and thus was 

 founded St. Thomas's Hospital, which is now situated in Lambeth. 

 The old Palace of Bridewell, in the city, was given " for the 

 lodging of poor wayfaring people, the correction of vagabonds and 

 disorderly persons, and for finding them work." That much of 

 London was in the time of Henry VIH. in a wild and uncultivated 

 condition, is proved by a proclamation of his, the object of which 

 was " to preserve the partridges, pheasants, and herons from his 

 palace at Westminster to St. Giles in the Fields, from thence to 

 Islington, Hampstead, and Hornsey Park." A proclamation was 

 issued in 1580, prohibiting the erection within three miles of the 

 city gates of any new houses or tenements "where no former house 

 hath been known to have been." Only one family should live in 



