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been cut through and out of a district of the poorest. The different 

 races and trades to a great extent occupy different districts. 



In 1650 Cromwell allowed the Jews to return to England, after 

 a banishment of centuries, and those settling in London chose 

 the district of Aldgate for their residences. There are now 

 over 40,000 of them. The special foreign district of London 

 is that of Soho. The main street is still called Greek Street ; and 

 this has now been opened up and more light and air admitted 

 to the crowded population by the new street called after the 

 philanthropic Lord Shaftesbury — Shaftesbury Avenue. 



Another foreign district Hes in the neighbourhood of Ratcliffe 

 Highway. The Italians number some 8000, and are principally 

 street musicians and vendors of ices, and form a small colony in 

 Hatton Garden. The Germans number 60,000, and are largely 

 employed in the sugar factories, where they stand the great heat 

 much better than other nations, and can irnbibe enormous quantities 

 of beer without detriment. 



The French — a less colonizing people than the German — 

 numbers only half the German population ; and the revocation of 

 Edict of Nantes in October, 1685, causing a migration of a large 

 number of French Protestants, occasioned a considerable growth 

 in the East-end of London, where the silk manufactories of Spital- 

 fields were then established. It was a flourishing business for 

 many years, but owing to large mills started in Lancashire and 

 Staffordshire, and improved machinery, for the last fifty years it 

 has been in a very depressed condition. 



The majority of other manufactures is carried on near the 

 Thames. Ship-building in 1881 consisted of yachts principally. 

 The total number of ships built was only sixty-four, averaging forty 

 to fifty tons each. Lucifer-match making gives employment to a 

 large number of families in the East-end, and engineering, pottery, 

 glass works, tanneries, chemical works, paper works, and sugar 

 bakeries are all carried on in different particular localities near the 

 river. 



A large trade in second-hand clothing is done by the Jews in 

 Houndsditch, especially on Sunday mornings ; and on the same 



