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THE MINERAL SPRINGS NEAR KESWICK. 

 By J. POSTLETHWAITE, F.G.S. 



At Brandley Mine, and at Saltwell Park, there are saline springs ; 

 and at Woodend Mine, near Threlkeld, a chalybeate spring. Of 

 the former, the one at Brandley Mine is the more copious, and the 

 water it discharges has been analysed by Mr. Thomas Ransome, 

 with the following result : — 



Chloride of Calcium ... 87 '67 grains per pint. 



Do. Magnesium ... i"53 „ „ 



Do. Sodium ... iio'23 „ „ 



Sulphate of Magnesia ... 4-35 „ „ 



Total 2037S 



or about 203! grains of solid matter in the imperial pint. The 

 quantity of water discharged from the mine, when it was worked, 

 was about 180 gallons per minute; but as I believe the outflow is 

 somewhat less when the mine is full of water, it will be safer to 

 estimate at 150 gallons, or 1200 pints per minute. Therefore, 

 the solid matter conveyed away by the water which flows from 

 Brandley Mine is about 35 lbs. per minute; amounting to 22^ tons 

 every twenty-four hours, 8,197 tons every year, or 819.700 tons in 

 one hundred years : and this has been going on for ages. We 

 must not suppose, however, that the space from which this immense 

 quantity of matter has been removed, is left entirely empty ; in all 



