26 



road, then, was a necessity ; and that it was a purely military road, 

 in the highest sense of the term, we may feel sure, from its manifest 

 importance. Besides, would so important an officer have been 

 put in connection with the base by a mere vicinal xo2.d.l or would 

 he be put merely to superintend the despatch of provisions, etc., to 

 the front, as they arrived by sea? Such work is not done now-a-days 

 by Agrippa's successors in command of the British fleet, That 

 there was such a road, via Keswick, etc., is beyond dispute; whilst 

 its connection with Deva speaks to its comparatively early date. 

 Could such a road be any other than a military road, and therefore 

 an Iter? If so, there is only one that is at present undecided, and 

 this is the tenth. 



Under circumstances already detailed, I propose then to bring 

 this Iter to Maryport. which would thus be Glanoventa. That 

 the tenth Iter runs northward through our present Lancashire, 

 seems pretty generally allowed; and it seems certain that its 

 intention was to communicate with the Wall. Whether this 

 communication was directly made by way of Borrow Bridge and 

 the Maiden Way, or indirectly by way of Maryport, may be an 

 open question. The difficulties of the former route have been 

 shown in connection with the transport service; whilst the manifest 

 advantages of the latter route have also been shown. Besides, 

 the Maryport camp was connected with the Wall by a grand mili- 

 tary road twenty-one feet wide.* Surely this is not without some 

 signification. That the Iter ran through Cumberland, receives 

 some confirmation from the fact that many eminent authorities 

 agree that Keswick is the Galava of that Itinerary ; whilst Mr. 

 R. S. Ferguson sayst that Old Carlisle is undoubtedly Glanoventa. 

 This allocation he has apparently withdrawn,! so that we are still 

 undecided. The whole of the Itineraries (leaving out the tenth) 

 seem to have been compiled with the special intention of having a 

 seaport at one end or the other, or both. Granted then that 

 Keswick is the Galava of the Itinerary, the inference points irre- 

 sistibly to the fact, that in allocating Glanoventa at the Maryport 



* See Trans. Cumb. & West. Antiq. & Arch. Soc, vol. 5, p. 240. 

 tlbid, part i., vol. 3, p. 88. 4: Ibid, vol. 7, p. 80. 



