115 



Marls, St. Bees Sandstone, and Lower Gypseous Shales ; (2) The 

 Magnesian Limestone and the Plant Beds ; (3) Lower New Red, 

 which includes the Penrith Sandstone and its associates the Brock- 

 rams. These latter rocks furnish evidence of much value in 

 connection with the movements of the ice. (4) Lower Carbon- 

 iferous rocks, characterised here by its stained sandstones and 

 shales, and by its dolomitized limestone; (5) Precarboniferous 

 rocks of various kinds. The marginal uplands consist on the 

 north-east and the east mainly of Carboniferous rocks of the same 

 age as those of the lowlands. The Carboniferous rocks of the 

 uplands are not, however, stained and altered as are those just 

 referred to. With these Carboniferous rocks occur a few rocks of 

 older date, including some few plutonic and volcanic rocks of well 

 marked characters, such as the Gabbro of Cuns Fell, and the 

 "granite" of Dufton. The south-west uplands consist mainly of 

 older palfeozoic rocks of various kinds, many of them of strongly- 

 marked characters, and easily recognized even in the form of small 

 fragments. Amongst these rocks special mention is made of — 

 (i) Shap Granite, and the metamorphic rocks around it; (2) Mar- 

 dale Gabbro ; (3) St. John's Quartz Felsite and the Armboth 

 Dyke; (4) Sale Fell Minette; (5) Buttermere Syenite. 



To these mention may be added of the granites of Criffel, as 

 well as the various rocks therewith associated in Galloway. 



EaclT of these rocks named has characters so well marked and 

 distinctive that boulders of it can be traced in the drift without 

 much possibility of error such as might arise through incorrect 

 identification. They consequently afford ready means of determin- 

 ing the general, or predominating, direction of boulder-transportal 

 from each of the areas that they respectively represent, and as such 

 their distribution has been specially considered in the remarks 

 that follow. 



General Relation of Glacial Geology of Edenside to that of East 

 Anglia. — In commencing to deal with the glacial history of this 

 area we find ourselves confronted by considerable difficulties at 

 the very outset of the enquiry. In some other parts of England, 



