133 



eastward by way of Greenland on the other, that I would refer the 

 age of the Thames Valley drifts, and all the later glacial deposits 

 overspreading England, from Finchley to Stainmoor and the Eden 

 Valley. But for this reinforcement of ice of extraneous origin, 

 large parts of the lowland districts of England would never have 

 been overspread by ice at all, and our English glacial phenomena 

 would have been confined to evidences of a few rather large 

 glaciers, confined entirely to mountain regions, and rapidly lessening 

 in point of development, even in such areas, as they were traced 

 towards the south. (Proc. Geologists' Assoc, IX. p. No. 3.) 



Latest Glaciers of local origin — Leaving, for the present, the 

 consideration of what happened at the close of the maximum 

 period of glaciation, I would here notice the later glaciation usually 

 regarded as bringing the long succession of periods of extreme cold 

 to a close. In regard to the extent of this later glaciation, I feel 

 sure that, in England and Wales, at all events, its effects have 

 been considerably over-rated. Many of the accumulations of drift 

 regarded by some observers as moraines belonging to this period, 

 are, I feel sure, merely heaps of rubbish and sediment left on the 

 melting of the great ice sheet, and are moraines only in form. 

 Here and there, however, the larger valleys did certainly nourish a 

 few tiny glaciers after the great ice sheet had disappeared. There 

 seems to be several such in the Lake District ; and in Edenside a 

 few traces of them may be seen along the Cross Fell Escarpment. 

 Such are those at the foot of Hikable, or "High Cup Gill"; again 

 at Coska, near Dufton Pike, and at the upper part of Swindale 

 Beck, Knock ; at Haverskils, above Milburn ; Foxhills, near Blen- 

 carn; and at several other places similarly situated. What evidence 

 there is in each of these cases shews plainly enough that the last 

 period of glaciation followed a comparatively warm period ; that 

 the glaciation itself was mainly confined to very small areas ; and 

 that the action of the ice was practically limited to pushing out the 

 sediment and detritus left on the melting of the great ice sheet, 

 and arranging the material in mounds. In the majority of cases it 

 is doubtful whether the later ice remained long enough to scoop 



