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years afterwards, the earliest settlers chanced upon the site of 

 modern Appleby. At that point there was a mass of ice two 

 thousand feet, or more, in thickness, whose upper surface formed 

 a nearly-continuous platform, level with the top of Mickle Fell, on 

 the one hand, and with the summits of the Lake District hills, on 

 the other. This ice had been made up of innumerable separate 

 streams, united into one compact mass, which had originated at 

 different localities situated at almost every point of the compass in 

 relation to that particular spot. Each stream had brought with it 

 various quantities of the detritus picked up in its own neighbour- 

 hood, and the united mass of ice had been set seething and working 

 under the action of the complex forces described in the first part 

 of this paper. As a consequence, stones from Galloway (Criffel 

 Granite, etc.), detritus from all along the north side of the Lake 

 District, including Shap Granite ; stony matter from the Cross Fell 

 Escarpment ; and material transported in various directions from 

 the higher parts of Edenside, were mixed with each other and with 

 mud and stones that had come from nearer at hand. Many of 

 the stones had worked their way up in the ice considerably above 

 the level of the parent rock. The so-called "granite" (quartz 

 porphyry) of Dufton, and the Brockram, for example, amongst 

 other rocks, had worked up into the ice to a level of more than a 

 thousand feet above that of the parent masses in situ, and were to 

 be found in the ice at this and at all lower levels, right up to the 

 head of the valley, and thence by way of Stainmoor out in the 

 direction of the Vale of York. The same general observations, 

 made in connection with the ice at Appleby, will apply more or 

 less to the rest of the Edenside ice ; with, however, this difference, 

 that in the parts of the ice where strong local currents had persist- 

 ently set outwards from the mountain masses in sufificient force to 

 prevent extraneous currents from working inland at any level in the 

 ice, this local ice contained no boulders of extraneous origin, but 

 only such material as was derived exclusively from the particular 

 localities whence the local streams had issued. But there were 

 large areas that had long been a kind of debateable land. The 

 local currents emanating from the larger masses of high land had, 



