147 



Fig. 4. 



Contorted seam of loam in Sand and Gravel. Midland Railway cutting 

 near Langanby. 



Fig. 5. 



Puckered seams of loam and clay in stony loam. Length of section, 4 feet. 



Midland Railway cutting near Armathwaite. 



Contemporaneous Contortion of the Drift. — Another phenomenon 

 of very common occurrence in the drift is that of zones of puckered 

 and contorted strata interlaminated with others hardly disturbed at all. 

 Such phenomena have long been recognized as due to the disturbing 

 action of ice in some one of its many forms. Of course the impact 

 of masses of floating ice bumping against partially-consolidated 

 strata, would produce the same kind of effect. In each, the 

 disturbance would extend downward only as far as the strata 



