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"the heights of the Caennarthen Vans, and there is a very perfect moraine 

 made up of masses of Old Red Conglomerate which bars up the old glacier lake 

 of Llyn-y-van. Masses of this Conglomerate also lie to the westward on the 

 Carboniferous Limestone, and they could have been hardly carried there by rain ! 

 I particularly direct the attention of the members of the Woolhope Club to 

 the traces of later ice and snow action among the hills of Wales. They are 

 abundant. What, for instance, could have moved the massive blocks of erratics 

 that lie at the entrance of the little gorge between Builth and Wellfield? 

 They are all local masses, but no rain or river ever stranded them. 



Upheavals and subsidies have left their records on our noble hills, and our 

 winding rivers have done much in excavating the vales where now our harvest 

 waves ; but the sun arose upon a very different scene in Post-glacial times, for the 

 glacier swept down from the mountains, and torrential, ice traversed, rivers 

 flowed where now meander the "Wye and Usk ; and man hunted the mammoth 

 and the bear where now pasture the sheep and the ox ; and the cathedral and 

 village church now stand upon the ice-carried debris, and old river drifts, that 

 furnish us with their fossil remains to enable us to tell you of this bygone history. 



The address was remarkably well delivered and rivetted the attention 

 of the auditors to its close. It wai received with much applause and a vote 

 given by acclamation to the eloquent lecturer. The route was at once continued, 

 and though its difficulties were said to be such as would vanish on the attempt 

 to overcome them, the ladies had high walls and rough rocks to surmount, and 

 it is not likely that they will forget the peculiar characteristics of the six 

 successive outcrops of Millstone Grit they passed over, along that mountain side. 



The rarest plant of the day, was the rare and local fern, the Asplenium 

 viride, which was gathered by Mr. Lloyd from a fissure in the limestone rock, 

 immediately below the place where the address was given, and it was afterwards 

 found plentifully on the rocks below the waterfall. A barren district for plants 

 is the surface of Iilillstone Grit, and but little is to be found there but the 

 plants that thrive in the bogs so generally prevalent. The cotton grass, or moss- 

 crops, Eriophorum angustifolium, with its waving cottony capsules existed 

 everywhere in abundance, and the single headed hare's-tail cotton grass, Erio- 

 phorum vaginatum, was observed in several places. 



There was one most marked peculiatity in the walk to the waterfall, which 

 no botanist could fail to be struck with. The route led apparently over green 

 meadows, but the ground was cool and elastic, and was indeed nothing more 

 than the surface of a bog dried up by the long-continued drought of the summer. 

 It is not often that the leaves of the Bog bean, Menyanthes trifoliata, form a dry 

 and safe carpet for the traveller's foot ; it is not often that you can gather the 

 bright gold spikes of the Bog Asphodel, Narihecium. ossifragum, where you 



