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eggs are deposited more or less regularly along either side. Unlike these, 

 Cryphalus hinodalus makes what may be called a little irregular cavern rather 

 than a burrow. This is always immediately beneath the outer bark, and does 

 not penetrate to the wood. I find invariably a pair of beetles in each cavern, 

 oven when nearly all the eggs are deposited ; these are laid in little confused 

 heaps in the recesses of the cavern, sometimes all in one heap, generally in three 

 or four, and to the number of from 30 to CO. The larvoe when hatched burrow 

 without any regularity, but tend to travel in a vertical direction. They are 

 footless grubs, with strong jaws, and a distinct head like the larvae of the other 

 Xylophaga. I find that the eggs laid in May have already (August 14) produced 

 some perfect beetles, though many of them still remain in the larval and pupal 

 states. I'his has also been the case this season with various Hylesinidre I 

 have been watching ; and I suspect that this species, like the others, does not 

 usually come to maturity until a month or two later, and theh hybemates 

 before emerging. This species appears to attack living trees only, and though so 

 minute, is from its numbers able to cause the destruction of any tree it colonises. 

 A branch is usually first attacked by several pairs, whose progeny, laying their 

 eggs in it, complete its destruction. Wherever a brood has been reared, a wide 

 rough crack is observable in the bark, and a destroyed branch presents the same 

 appearance in an exaggerated form : the whole bark looks bloated and cracked, 

 and is pierced by the exit holes of the beetles. A branch is probably often 

 attacked in sufficient force to destroy it in one season, and I have already men- 

 tioned my belief that the destruction of a whole tree has been accomplished 

 during the present season. The trunk is rarely attacked till most of the branches 

 are dead, and its vitality is then so much reduced that no distortion occurs 

 from their ravages, except of course that it soon becomes qxiite decayed. In 

 the bo.x, there is a typical example of a destroyed branch, ako a portion of fresh 

 bark with several fresh caverns in process of construction, and a branch in which 

 tho caverns contain eggs, some of them already hatched ; in each cavern, even 

 where the eggs are hatched, there is still a pair of beetles. 



HYLURGUS PILOSUS. —iJa<s. 

 On the same aspen trees that were blown over there was a quantity of 

 ivy, and the bending of its stems, where it was torn down, had proved as 

 injurious to it as if it had been cut across. This had consequently fallen a prey 

 to another little Xylophagon (HyJurgus pilosus — Eatz.) The British species of 

 Hylurgus are piniperda and pilosus, the former a common species and often very 

 destructive to pine trees. Its preference is decidedly for fallen timber, but in 

 default thereof it takes to the living tree, and is very injurious. To complete 

 our view of the British species of Hylurgus, I have placed with the others several 

 specimens of pinix>erda, and also a piece of bark from a fir tree (Finns sylvestrisj 

 felled last spring (April 1868). There are six or eight parent burrows in it, with 

 the galleries formed by the larvae ; the young beetles have already completed 

 theii- transformations and have emerged, their exit apertures on the outside being 



