55 
reverting to a state of nature, though the large limestone quarries worked there 
still employ a few families. 
The above description applies to about one quarter of Great Doward ; two- 
thirds of the remainder are untouched primitive woodland, which forms a large 
tract known as Lord’s wood, and is now Crown property. 
I need not go far into geological details, but simply observe that three-fourths 
of both hills are mountain limestone, breaking into cliffs and peaks from 30 to 
100 feet high on the south and east faces above the river, which dominate steep 
and densely wooded slopes. In the middle of the mountain limestone, and occu- 
pying part of the crown of the hill, lies a tract of conglomerate and sandstone 
detritus, covering several acres, and producing several plants not elsewhere found 
within the area, Along the north runs a band of conglomerate ; and outside, 
but still within the area, a narrow fringe of old red sandstone. 
Thus it will be seen that with one exception, stagnant water, we have a little of 
everything—river, meadow, field, cliff, wood; sandstone, conglomerate, limestone: 
the limestone wood greatly predominating. As if to render the space an ideal 
hunting field for the naturalist, a copious stream bursts out at one spot in the 
limestone wood ; and after forming a small bog on the top of a cliff, pours at ran- 
dom over the cliff, which it has covered with masses of tufa, into the river mea- 
dow below. 
The whole mass of the two hills taken together has an indescribable shape ; 
but taken separately the Lesser Doward, in its relation to its Greater, looks on the 
ordnance map not unlike a pear resting by its small end upon one side of an ash 
leaf kidney potato. 
It needs to be added that no localities are given in the appended list ; the 
reason of which will be self-evident when it is remembered how small the area of 
of the Florula is; and that its publication is by no means meant to aid the designs 
of collectors without tender fingers ; still less those of individuals like one too 
well known in botanical story, who advertised that ‘‘ having visited such or such 
a locality, and carefully removed every root of such or such a rarity, was now 
prepared to offer them for sale at such or such a price.” 
An analysis of the foregoing list gives us the following particulars with regard 
to the Doward vegetation. The total number of Phanerogamic plants sufficiently 
distinct from one another (whether as species, sub-species, or varieties) to have a 
separate name assigned to them in the London Catalogue of British Plants, is 652 ; 
of the 94 natural orders which comprise the British Flora, 74 being here represented. 
Of this total, 592 are native; four fall under Mr. Watson’s class of denizens; 13 are 
colonists, and 27 are introduced plants. The Flora of Herefordshire is not in a 
sufficiently advanced state to compare their numbers accurately with those of the 
whole county: but in round numbers the totals for the whole county (reckoning 
on the same principles as above) are natives denizens and colonists ; taken to- 
gether about 950; introduced species 46; total, 996. This gives to the Doward 
hills the proportion of rather more than one-half of the whole county flora—a 
remarkably high average, considering their extremely restricted area. 
