130 
various names which have been given from time to time to this fungus. It is 
smaller and more yellow, covered longer by the unruptured cuticle, with smaller 
and more globose spores than the Uredo of P. graminis. It germinates in a simi- 
lar manner, and enters the stomata of the host-plant. One great point of differ- 
ence, however, is that it appears much earlier in the year—it may be commonly 
met with upon Holeus lanatus in April and May, while the Uredo of Puccinia 
graminis is seldom found until Juneand July. The teleutospores ( Puccinia rubigo 
vera, D.C.) have also received more than one name, viz., P. stri«formis, West.,* 
P. straminis, Fuckel.+ They differ from those of P. graminis in being shorter, 
broader, more irregular, in having very short stalks, and being for a very much 
longer time confined under the cuticle. The individual pustules are very much 
smaller and less conspicuous. But perhaps the most remarkable difference is that 
they are not free amongst the cells of the plant, but are surrounded on all sides 
and below by a number of dark brown bodies called paraphyses. They germinate 
in spring after a winter’s rest, and produce promycelium and spores. The germ 
tubes they emit are, according to my observation, shorter and wider. I was very 
anxious to watch the hetercecism of this fungus in spring. The cidium is so 
rare in this county that I knew it was useless to hope to obtain it. The promy- 
celium spores were therefore the only resort, but I failed in obtaining a sufficiency 
for my purpose, although I applied to my friends, Dr. G. Winter, of Zurich, Dr. 
Paul Magnus, of Berlin, M. C. Roumeguere, of Toulouse: it was only to hear 
that the season had gone by for this year. Herr E. Rostrup, however, sent me 
two specimens from Denmark, one on wheat the other on holcus, but I was not 
able to get them to germinate. The two teleutospores which are figured germina- 
ting were from a specimen in my herbarium, collected in July, 1881, and kept dry 
until May, when even under these unnatural circumstances, a few of the teleuto- 
spores did produce promycelium and spores. 
Alcidium asperifolii, Pers., is the dcidium which De Baryt has proved to be 
produced when the promycelium spores of Puccinia rubigo vera are placed upon 
the cuticle of Lycopsis arvensis and Anchusa officinalis. He has figured them with 
their germ tubes boring through the cuticular cells of these plants,§ and develop- 
ing mycelium below|| in the substance of the leaf. He also found that the spores 
of Acidium asperifolii, sown upon young rye plants on the Ist and 3rd of August, 
produced the Uredo of P. rubigo vera by the 9th and 11th respectively. The 
spores of this 4cidium are thickly warty, polygonal, and orange-yellow. It must 
be a rare species, for I have searched diligently for it for some years past, and 
that especially this year, but always without success, although it is said to have 
been found near Kings Lynn several years ago. Here, therefore, we have the 
clearest possible indication that this hetercecismal Puccinia must have some other 
way of reproducing itself without the intervention of the Mcidium ; how this is 
* Westendorp, Bullet. de l Acad. de Belgique xxi., Notice s. quelques Cryft., iv., No. 40. 
+ Fuckel, Zxnumer. Fungt Nassau, p. 9, No. 41. 
t De Bary, Neue Untersuchungen tiber Uredineen, 1866, p. 208. 
§ De Bary, doc. cit., p. 215, figs. 3, 4, 5 
|| De Bary, doc. cit., p. 210. 
