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made the most of; but that this must necessarily be vague, since the historian, 
in all probability, wrote from the description given him by others, and there 1s no 
proof that he visited England himself. In favour of the author’s paper, very 
strong arguments may surely be drawn in this instance from the positive evidence 
of the British and Roman fortifications in juxtaposition, with the gloomy support 
of the numerous tumuli, barrows, or burial mounds in their vicinity, the discovery 
of implements of warfare in their neighbourhood, and the tradition of battles 
handed down from generation to generation. These camps abound throughout 
Herefordshire. Beyond question, this county was the chief scene of this pro- 
tracted struggle, for the names of the commanders are often given to the camps, 
and the size and strength of several prove them to have been occupied for 
considerable periods. Wherever the British earthworks are large and important, 
a strong Roman camp is to be found in its vicinity : thus the great camp on the 
Herefordshire Beacon was opposed by the important camp on Wall Hills; the 
British camp on Doward, by those of the Romans on Symond’s Yat and Great 
Doward; the river Wye was guarded by the Roman general on the one side 
by Dinedor camp (formerly called Oyster Hill or Ostorius’ Hill), and on the 
other side by Caplar camp (from Scapula his second name) so as completely 
to command it. Caractacus, too, watched the river from the Caradoc camp 
lower down. Credenhill camp was opposed by Magna Castra at Kenchester, 
with outposts at Burghill, Breinton, and Eaton. Caractacus, at Ivington 
camp was opposed by Ostorius, at Cholstry (a corruption of Caer Ostruy, or 
Ostorius fort). Risbury camp was watched by the Roman station at Black- 
Caer-dun ; the fine British camp of Wapley, by the square Roman camp at Ashley 
and on Bradnor Hill; Croft Ambery, by a square camp at Aymestry ; and there 
are numerous other camps, both British and Roman, of lesser importance, spread 
over the country. Mr. James Davies, of Hereford, who has studied very closely 
Roman remains in this district, published a lecture many years since (1850) in 
which he endeavours thus to trace, by the existence of opposed camps, the course 
of Caractacus before the Roman legions. From Doward to the Herefordshire 
Beacons, and from them along the Malvern Hills to Whitborne, Thornbury, 
Bredenbury, Netherton, Upperton, Risbury, Ivington, Carne Hill (Corner Cop), 
Wapley Croft, Ambery, until he took up his position at Coxwall Knolls, with 
the camp of Caer Caradoc (Gaer Dykes or Gaer Ditches) three miles in the rear. 
This is, of course conjectural, for since the struggle lasted some eight or nine 
years, some of the camps must have been occupied for long periods, and there 
would doubtless be considerable periods of inactivity. The barrrows, again, might 
be studied more closely with advantage to the argument, for Roman barrows differ 
from British barrows, and these and evidences of warfare are very numerous in 
the vicinity of Coxwall Knoll, as at Leintwardine, Pedwardine, Brandon, Bacton, 
and elsewhere. For example, if, as has been said, the two barrows in the im- 
mediate vicinity of Brandon are Roman barrows, it would go far to prove that 
Caractacus acted on the offensive and attacked the Romans twice in their intrench- 
‘ments. These more wide and general considerations support strongly the opinions 
given in Mr. Burrough’s able paper. Beyond doubt, this great battle was fought 
