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organic remains. Tlie actual junction of these rocks is not here seen, but the 

 examination of similar phenomena at Radnor, where the igneous rock and limestone 

 are actually fused together, and where traces of organisms are found within a few 

 inches of the junction, leaves no doubt that the causes of these changes are correctly 

 assigned. A considerable thickness of Caradoc sandstone and conglomerate, 

 undistinguishable from the Malvern conglomerate in its mineral and organic 

 structure, is observed at Cotton, and in Cam Wood, here highly charged with 

 characteristic fossils of the upper portion of the lower Silurian rocks, and affording 

 evidence of the very slow nature of the deposit itself, in the repetition of fine strata, 

 distinctly marked by regular lines of small well-rounded quartz pebbles, with 

 organics, evidencing the recurrence of floods and flushes at short and unequal 

 intervals. 



From the summit of Nash Hill or Cam Wood a view was obtained north- 

 ward to the small outliers of Old Red Sandstone, showing the former continuity 

 of that formation, over the older rocks of Siluria, traces of which are found many 

 miles to the north in Shropshire. 



With this imperfect sketch, our notice of the last year's excursions must ter- 

 minate. Radnor and Stanner and the immediate neighbourhood of Kington 

 demand an early visit. We do not appeal to these notices of our excursions as 

 having contributed any considerable advance in science, but more modestly, as 

 evidence of the industry with which some of our members at least are actuated, 

 and of the utility of such associations as our little club, in opening and rendering 

 popular such researches ; and we are confident that we shall not be unsuccessfully 

 or uselessly employed, if in the progress of future years we follow up our enquiries 

 with a little increasing interest and perseverance. 



The strata of Herefordshire are now, as regards position, very well known. 

 There is no longer a doubt that the Old Red Sandstone, which forms so great 

 a part of its area, dipping in the south under the coal formation of the Forest of 

 Dean, is of enormous thickness, and rests upon the deposits called Silurian, which 

 are brought up from below in the coimtry extending from the left bank of the 

 Severn, near the Wrekin, to Ludlow ; thence by Richard's Castle, Croft, Shobdon, 

 Kington, along the north-western parts of Herefordshire, to Hay, and so on to 

 the sea coast of Pembrokeshire, supporting the great coal field of South Wales, 

 and reposing themselves on the Cambrian or older rocks of that country ; again, 

 along the eastern border from Abberley to Malvern, and are thrust through it 

 at Tinker's Hill and Cainham Camp, near Ludlow ; at Shucknell and Hagley, 

 near Lugwardine ; more remarkably round Woolhope, and further south, at May 

 Hill ; and again, on the left bank of the Severn at Tortworth, in Gloucestershire. 

 The Gloucester and Hereford Railway exhibits a solitary section of these Silurian 

 beds, contracted into a few yards at Blaisdon edge, but skirts within a mile the Wool- 

 hope upheaval, which forms the beautiful landscape on the left bank of the river 

 Wye, seen from the line near Holme Lacy ; and the Hereford and Shrewsbury Rail- 

 way,cut through the Old Red Sandstone, all but touches the Silurian outlier of 

 Tinker's Hill, between Woofferton and Ludlow, and just exposes a junction of those 

 rocks at the entrance of the tunnel at the latter place. The intermediate line, from 



