186 



Thin seams of black band. 

 Sandstone and shale. 

 Coal, 2 ft. 

 Sandstone and shale. 



We therefore find here five seams of coal, of different thickness, with their 

 underclay. The vegetation is often abundant in the Pennant grit ; confined 

 stems and stalks, accompanied by multitudes of small leaves,'^ generally very 

 faint, and covered with carbonaceous specks, are most usually seen. I cannot 

 quite reconcile to myself the appearance of the vegetation, with the continued 

 and quiet subsidence which the formation betokens, for the former appears to 

 bear marks of great violence and confusion, unless it be that it has been carried 

 along by the water until entangled by the sand, and subsided with it. 



Descending from the heights of the Pennant rock, we come upon the actual 

 Coal Measures, and I purpose giving you a brief section of the coal and iron veins 

 at Beaufort and Ebbwvale — not so much a recapitulation of the vertical sections 

 published by the Survey, as with a view to naming the different fossils peculiar 

 to each vein. Few coal fossils (veritably coal and iron), have been figured, 

 with the exception of the fossil Flora, which Lindley and Hutton, and after them 

 Brogniart, have fully elucidated. The principal description has been by Mr. 

 Prestwich, in his account of Coalbrook Dale (Geological Transactions, vol. 5), 

 but there are not many figured even there. I have found but few seams without 

 a distinctive shell ; some so distinctive that I can tell the measure to which the 

 rubbish tip belongs, by the shell — and within the last year I have found more 

 than forty species in Beaufort and Ebbwvale. 



EBBWVALE SECTIONS. 



Coal, ift. Daren pins (ore). 



Coal, I ft. 6in. Engine vein coal, 5 ft. g.in. 



Black pins (ore). Golin goch bach coal, i ft. 6 in. 



Coal, 4 in. Coal, i ft. 2 in. 



Elled coal, 3 ft. 4 in. Yard coal, 3 ft. 2 in. 



Coal, I ft. 6 in. Black band (ore). 



Big vein coal, 4 ft. 9 in. Old coal, 5 ft. 6 m. 



Three quarter coal, 3 ft. 4 in. Coal, 5 in. 



Coal, I ft. 3 in. Red vein (ore). 



Coal, SJ in. Spotted vein (ore). 



Coal, 7 in. Big vein (ore). 



Coal, II in. Bottom vein coal, 2 ft. 



BydyUog coal, 3 ft. 9 in. 



I have, of course, left out in these sections aU the intervening courses of 

 shale, sandstones, &c., as uninteresting, and merely confined myself to the seams 

 themselves. 



At Beaufort the section is not so long ; we have 



Pin Will shone, 6 in. Coal, 6 in. 



Coal. 6 in. Old coal, 4 ft. 8 in. 



