25G 



round to the south, Monmouth and Ross lay before us, and the \-alley of the Wye, 

 flanked by the Coal basin of the Forest of Dean — to the east, the Malvern Hills, 

 with the range which runs along the vale of the Severn, and the more distant 

 Cotteswolds, representatives of the Oolite formation, in the background. It 

 would be difficult, perhaps, to find a spot where a better view can be obtained 

 of the Old Red Sandstones of Herefordshire, which at Pen-y-cader-fawr rise to 

 the height of 2,545 feet,* and w^hich are in this district estimated to be 10,000 

 feet thick. 



I shall not notice the evidences of upheaval and denudation which must have 

 struck every reflecting observer, but will refer you to the address of our late 

 lamented member. The Rev. Thomas T. Lewis, where the subject has been dis- 

 cussed with all that local knowledge and ability which peculiarly distinguished 

 his investigations ; and to Mr. Symonds' able paper on the Old Red Sandstone 

 of Herefordshire, t Descending Garway Hill, our road lay through Kentchurch 

 Park, to Kilpeck and St. Devereux, whence the railway conducted us to Hereford. 

 I cannot conclude the notice of this day's proceedings without referring to the 

 pleasure which the members experienced from the presence of Capt. Guise, the 

 President of the Cotteswold Club, whose knowledge on all subjects connected with 

 Natural History, particularly Entomology, is as accurate and methodical as it is 

 various. He has kindly favomed me with a list, which I subjoin, of the Beetles 

 which he met with during the day, by the roadside and on the swampy parts of 

 Garway Hill. 



Our second meeting was at Ludlow, on the 24th July. The members pro- 

 ceeded to Downton Castle ; our indefatigable member, Mr. Lightbody, undertook 

 to be our guide for this day's excursion. After examining a section of the Old 

 Red on the left bank of the Teme, we crossed at Forge Bridge, and walked down 

 the river for a short distance, as far as Tin Mills, to examine the passage from the 

 Ludlow rocks into the Old Red. On our way, a quarry of the Downton Sand- 

 stone, the beds of which dipped at a sharp angle to the south west, was examined. 

 On one of the slabs of buildmg stone, recently raised by the workmen, numerous 

 heads and other portions of Eurypterus pygmceus and Pterygotus Banksii, with 

 parts of the body rings of another species of Pterygotus (probably P. Gigas) were 

 observed. Passing onwards, some olive grey coloured beds of shale w^ere examined 

 by the side of the old watercourse, which were considered by Mr. Lightbody to 

 be identical with the Upper Passage-beds in the railroad cutting at Ludlow. 

 These beds are on a lower level than the Downton beds before referred to, and 

 may probably graduate upwards into the Old Red, but no opportunity was 

 afforded of ascertaining on what beds they repose. Supposing that they are the 

 Upper Passage-beds, their relative position to the Downton beds, which were 

 ascertained to lie here conformably on Upper Ludlow rock, can only be reconciled 

 by the supposition of the occurrence of a fault, which has placed these shales in 

 a position apparently inferior to the Downton beds. Retracing our steps for a 



*The more recently published Ordnance Survey Map, Sheet 214, on the scale of 1 inch to 

 I mile, gives Pen-y-gader fawr .-is 2,624 feet high, and Wawn lach (U miles further north) as 

 2,660 feet high. See Transactions, Vol. 1Q03, p. 147.— Editor, 

 t Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, April, 1S59. 



