142 



positing booty, and for avoiding missiles from without. I need hardly point out 

 that the situation of a camp as regarded water and opportunity of getting forage 

 was of the greatest importance, and was chosen beforehand by men appointed for 

 the purpose. As regards the interior arrangements of a camp, although there arc 

 some points which Polyhius does not mention, and there are some of which it is 

 not quite easy to understand his meaning, there is no difficulty in obtaining a 

 tolerably clear notion of the distribution of the ground. As he says, the whole 

 space was divided into streets, like the streets of a town, all set at right angles to 

 each other, and with a vacant space between the tents and the rampart. In the 

 rampart, as we gather from Livy and other writers, there were four entrances but 

 not at equal distances from each other. Entering the camp by the Prsetorian 

 gate, and proceeding straight forward as far as possible, we should find on our 

 right and left the quarters assigned to what may be called casual allies and foreign 

 troops, with a passage between them 50 feet wide. Emerging from this passage, 

 we should come in front of the Prsetorium, the headquarters of the Consul, with a 

 square open space all round it of an acre in size. Right and left of this, which 

 may be called the kernel, the d/j.^a\b£, of the whole camp, were the market, and 

 the establishment of the qusestor, the paymaster and chief of the commissariat, 

 but on which side respectively is not stated by Polybius, nor perhaps were they 

 always on the same side. Farther still to the right and left were the tents of the 

 select trooj)s, cavalry and infantry, chosen out of the allied forces, together with 

 volunteers attached especially to the Consul, and who in conjunction with these 

 allies acted as his body-guard. 



Still going forward after skirting the Prietorium, we then cross a transverse 

 passage 50 feet wide, and see in front of us the backs of the tents occupiedby the 

 12 tribunes of the two legions, where baggage, horses, and baggage-animals occu- 

 pied part of the space between the tribunes and the places allotted to the market 

 and the commissariat department. In front of the tribunes ran right and left a 

 broad street, 100 feet wide, running across the whole camp from right to left, and 

 ending in an entrance on each side. The street was called Principia, and the 

 entrance, or the right, looking from the Praetorium, was called Porta Principalis 

 dextera, while the opposite one bore the name of Porta Principalis sinistra. We 

 cross this street, and still going onwards, pass up an alley 50 feet wide, on either 

 side of which are the quartern of the legionary cavalry, looking towards each 

 other, arranged in five divisions, each containing a troojj of about 30 men with 

 horses and baggage, horses in front and men behind. At the back of these, i.e., 

 farther to the right or left, but in the same block of tents, were the tents of the 

 triarii, in five maniples, each maniple consisting of 130 to 160 men. Their tents 

 opened in a direction opposite to those of the cavalry, and were divided by a 50 

 feet alley from a similar block, in which looking towards them were quartered 

 the Principes, and beyond them, looking in the opposite direction, the Hastati, 

 arranged in maniples like the Triarii, but as they were more numerous than these, 

 the Triarii occujiied a smaller portion of their own block, of which the larger was 

 occupied by cavalry. Thus each block was in two portions set back to back to 

 each other, and ojjening on an alley dividing it from a farther block. The Hastati 



