256 



formerly known as Ag. gilvus ; classically, f/ilvus was an epithet of a dun or 

 cream-coloured horse. Altitaceus has rather a wide signification, but it seems best 

 translated by bufiF or tan. When it is lighter and yellower it is helvolus, the 

 epithet of " white " wine and " white " grapes in Pliny : in describing Cortinarius 

 iliopodius, Fries explains helvolus by alutaceus, but there must have been some 

 distinction in his mind between the two terms, for he uses the compound, helvolo- 

 alutaceus as "dusky cinnam<m," a fact which appears to show that even Fries 

 himself was not so clear in the application of colour-names as we should like to 

 be. Crustulinus seems to be the colour of toast, much darker and warmer than 

 that of a cracknel-biscuit. Ochraceus is yellow-ochre, and melleus, honey-yellow, 

 is dingier and less yellow ; luridus, sallow or wan, is still paler and less yellow, 

 almost like that which builders call "stone-colour." Rhabarbarinus is the light 

 brownish-yellow of Turkey rhubarb. Isabcllinus is a light lirownish-yellow or dirty 

 cream-colour. The word has a history, and was first used of unwashed linen. The 

 Infanta of Spain, daughter of Philip II., made a vow in 1601 that she would not 

 change her linen until her husband had taken Ostend ; as that city did not fall till 

 three years after, she must have saved her washing-bill at the price of some 

 discomfort. 



Fawn-colour does not fall very conspicuously into any of my three divisions 

 of browns, but most of us know the hue so denoted ; cervicolor, cervinus, and 

 kinnuleus all seem to mean much the same. Cervinus is applied to the darkest 

 shade, and Fries explains hinnuleus as a tawny-cinnamon (p. 380). 



The brownish ochrey yellow colour known to artists as " gallstone," only with 

 an inclination to a dirty green, is denoted by ictericus or icterinus. 



The brightest of the red-browns is lateritius, the colour of old red tiles ; its 

 paler shade, that of Aij. (Hypholoma) sublateritius is familiar to us all. Testaceus, 

 brick-coloured, is a reddish brown or rusty bay, almost Venetian red. Fulvus is 

 tawny, the colour of a lion, and is also known as leoninus or leochromus ; fulvellus 

 seems to be paler aud redder, and very like that which gives its name to Ag. 

 (Collybia) nitellinus, dormouse-colour. Helvus is a light bay or "cow-colour," 

 like vaccinus. Badius is a reddish-brown, the colour of a " bay " horse ; 

 spadiceus, date-brown, is a duller and darker shade. Hepaticus, liver-coloured, is 

 a darker and redder brown than bay. Ustalis denotes a warm reddish bay, 

 between red-ochre and brown-madder. 



Of the true browns, the type is brunneus, Vandyke-brown. Coffeatus, like 

 roasted Coffee, is very similar. Liyneo-brunneus is a lighter or wood-brown. The 

 apparently extinct Ag. (Lepiota) Paulletii is described by Fries as colore " de 

 noisette," which must mean a light nut-brown or hazel. Umbrinus is a dark 

 brown, brown umber, the colour of a "brown" horse; indeed, the scale of colours 

 used in describing horses, from dun through chestnut, bay, and brown to black, 

 shows how, in ordinary language, the name of a colour is always taken as of a 

 very extensive connotation, because it is hard to decide where one colour ends and 

 another begins. 



We now come to the reds and their varieties. The palest is carneus, with 

 carneolus and incarnatus, flesh-coloured. Hysyhvus is a more distinctly red flesh- 



