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ocf!ur ; but those interested in the subject should make an early inspection, for 

 the lines of demarcation are fast becoming obliterated. The grandest exhibitions 

 of the Old Red Sandstone in England and Wales appear in the escarpments of 

 the Black Mountain, near Haj', and in the Vans of Brecon and Carmarthen, the 

 loftiest mountains of South Wales, the one 2,860 and the other 2,590 feet above 

 the sea level. 



Now of the particular spot whereon we stand. The whole of this mountain, 

 from its base to its summit, is of Old Bed Sandstone. Every valley and hill and 

 mountain within sight is of the same formation, and their beautifully-rounded 

 contours tell in the plainest language that their present forms have been assumed 

 under the mighty influences of ice and water. This mountain is a fine example of 

 denudation. The mill-stone grit, mountain limestone, and mountain limestone 

 shales, have ail been washed away, but they may be seen on the outlier of Pen- 

 cerrig Calch, to the westward, and on the Blorenge over the Usk. The upper 

 cornstone group rises into the hills named the Derri and Rholben, below us, and 

 again in the wooded escarpments that lie below the Blorenge. The Brownstones 

 occur above the upper cornstones and sandstones of the Derri and the Rholben, 

 and these constitute the higher strata of the Sugar Loaf and the Scyrrid Fawr. 

 The accomplished and eminent geologist, Mr. Symonds, in his Eecwds of the Rocks, 

 tells us that the Brownstones of the Blorenge are overlaid by the uppermost rocks 

 of the Old Red, namely, the Old Red Conglomerates, and the yellow and grey 

 sandstones, these again being capped by the Carboniferous limestone and Millstone 

 grit. The Sugar Loaf mountain has no fossils, but head-plates and fish-spines 

 may be found in the Lower Flag-stones, near the town of Abergavenny. 



On the Scyrrid Fawr is a down-throw from the Sugar Loaf series, and the 

 escarpment of Brownstones laid open by the great slips deserve minute inspection. 

 The height of the Sugar Loaf has been ascertained to be 1,868 feet above the sea, 

 and Mr. Lloyd has been good enough this morning to ascertain, by stepping, that 

 the length of the mountain top is about 240 yards, and the width varies from half- 

 a-dozen yards to perhaps 20 yards in the widest part. 



Reclining on the tufts of whortleberries and heather, which grow on the very 

 ridge of the mountain, the party listened to this lecture with much pleasure. The 

 enjoyment was heightened by the admirable forethought of the President. His 

 hospitality was not to be checked by the steep ascent of the Sugar Loaf. He had 

 caused to be conveyed there a good supply of ice, of soda water, and of sparkling 

 Moselle, and whilst the address was going on " a cup " was made, so deliciously 

 refreshing as to give general satisfaction. Was ever a Moselle cup so good 

 before ? 



The vistors remained some hour and a half at the top, and afterwards, by a 

 leisurely descent, were able to enjoy the beautiful scenery around them, ever the 

 same, yet ever varied by the changes of light and shade. A curious scene was 

 witnessed by some of the party, in a hayfield at the foot of the Rholben. The 

 wind had been gentle throughout the day— unusually gentle on the summit of the 



