47 



living types of the same cesses in the present clay. The Silurian Coral, 

 CrinoVl Starfish, Crustacean, and Mollusc, to as highly organised as he 

 representative forms of the same animals in the seas of our tome, and that 

 development through millions of" years has added nothing to the perfection 

 o he primitive types of these classes. The Crustacea of tons epoch were 

 Remarkable for the number of species and genera belonging to the singula, 

 extinct family TriloMMc. A fine collection of this group has been made 

 by Dr. Gindrod, of Malvern, in which we discover that the most delicate 

 spLs and appendages, and eyes belonging to these Crus Ucea ,* re a 

 most marvellously preserved. Not less beautiful, and perhaps stitt owe 

 wonderful, are the singular forms of Crinoids, Starfishes and Ophnn.e, 

 Tf the Wenlock Limestone and Ludlow rocks one of the finest specimens 

 yet found of Ulanus BvriensU turned out of the Woolhope limestone at 

 Woolhope; the remains of Pterygotu*** found in the Upper Silurian rocks of 

 Ha-leyPark, Hereford, and Malvern ; but time fails me to tell of the many 

 oth-r organisms found in the Silurian rocks of your district. 



The Devonian or Old Bed Sandstone attains a great development ,n 

 the hills around us. In yonder Black Mountain of Herefordshire which rises 

 in the westward distance, as well as in the .Vans of Brecon 2,860 feet, and 

 Carmarthen, 2,000 feet above the sea, we find magnificent sections of the Old 

 Red Sandstone, for the red rocks in thto region !>«. a thickness of from 8,000 

 to 10 000 feet resting below on the Upper Silurian, and capped above by 

 the Carboniferous Limestone. The grand scene before you exhibits in perfection 

 the Physiographical features of the Old Devonian landscape, and shows how 

 atmospheric erosion has dissected away the softer strata and left the harder 

 rocks to form those chains of hills that bound the western, northern, and 

 southern horizon of our present plateau. Fishes of singular forms were the 

 highest organisms of the Devonian seas, and of these many mteresting specimens 

 from the Old Red Sandstone of Herefordshire have been collected by members 

 of the Woolhope Club ; but it is to the Old Red of Scotland we must go if we 

 desire to study the most singular organisation of the fossil fishes of this period , 

 they were all encased in an external bony armour, and exhibited some of the 

 most remarkable forms of the fishes type. Pterins, or wing-fish, >****?? 

 or wrinkle scaled fish, Cephalaipis, or buckler-shielded fish, are all forms of the 

 Old Red period the remains of which have been found in the rocks around you. 

 The corals, mollusca, and orustace* of the Devonian rocks are collected only m 

 the limestones of Devonshire, and have no representatives in the strata before us. 

 The Carboniferous Limestone on which we stand was the sediment of an 

 extensive and wide-spreading sea for all the organisms with which it abounds 

 ffi ust have lived in salt water. In the Great Doward Hill before you capital 

 sections of the grey thick bedded limestones of this period are seen, and in the 

 numerous blocks piled up there you will find the remains of organisms that 

 abounded in the water from whence this limestone was deposited, consisting 

 chiefly of Brachiopoda such as Spiriferce, Product*, Ac., and numerous 



