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Ledbury tunnel. On my first visit to this quarry they were not exposed, and were 

 not visible at a later one, and it has not been worked now for many years. I 

 cannot, therefore, say decisively whether the Olive Shales are present there in 

 situ or not. The "Bone Bed " here and at Gamage Ford probably belongs to the 

 lower " Bone Bed " which in Shropshire is present in the higher portion of the 

 upper Ludlow, not far below the thicker mass of the Downton Sandstone, 

 while another and upper one occurs about the middle of the " Olive Shales," 

 but is apparently wanting here. I searched in vain for the l; Passage Beds," more 

 to the south near Sollers Hope, where they might be expected to come in, unless 

 a sandy marl, of which a section may be seen in places along the brook which 

 traverses the lower ground, belongs to them. It contains a small Orlhis and 

 Berychia, but it most likely belongs to the Ludlow formation. They may or may 

 not be continuous round the whole of the outer limit of the Silurians, but I think 

 it probable that here and there they might be detected in road-side cuttings and 

 throughout the whole of this area, and I hope at some future time to be able to 

 investigate this point more closely. At any rate a more considerable extension 

 has been shown, especially to the east of "Woolhope, and the presence of the 

 " Olive Shales " exactly identical, lithologically and to a certain extent zoologi- 

 cally, with the " Olive Shales" near Ludlow, and other places in that district, 

 is distinctly proved. 



On the west and north-west of "Woolhope and south towards Fownhope 

 there is less chance of observing these Passage rocks, if they occur there, be- 

 cause there is a very considerable quantity of Drift, which would overlie and 

 conceal them. This larger mass of Drift, derived mainly from the denudation of 

 the Silurians of the neighbourhood, was first noticed by my friend the Rev. 

 F. Merewether, Vicar of Woolhope, who, in a short paper read to the "Woolhope 

 Field Club in Oct., 1870, has pointed out a thicker and wider extension of Drift 

 in this direction, and which had not been noticed before. In many spots these 

 " Olive Shales" are not exposed, though they may be present in situ, but from 

 their soft and friable nature a considerable quantity has no doubt been de- 

 nuded, unless protected by the overlying Sandstones as they pass downwards 

 into a more sandy stone, it is probable that there is some Sandstone below, 

 but to what extent or thickness it is impossible to tell, but it cannot be very 

 thick. In the only two places I have observed them, as at Perton, they 

 rest almost immediately on the Upper Ludlow rock, and at Hillfoot, though 

 not directly overlying it, the Ludlow Shales crop out not far from them. The 

 subordinate Sandstone would then seem to be of far less thickness than the 

 more massive Sandstone at Downton, Shobdon, and elsewhere. The Olive Shales 

 are no doubt the equivalents in time of the red and blue Marls and greenish 

 Shales (No. 12) at the Ledbury tunnel, described by my friend, the Rev. W. 

 SymoDds (Geological Society's Journal, May, 1860), and who remarks that "no- 

 where else could be seen such a view of the Passage Beds between the Silurian 

 and Old Red systems," but though at no great distance westward, they are appa- 



