33 



north and east outcrops, and on the south up to Swansea Bay, with the ex- 

 ception of a short distance south of Llantrissaint and Waun Llanharry, 

 where it is covered over by the later formed dolomitic cono'lomerate. Across 

 the peninsula of Gower the Farewell Rock is not seen, and the coal measures 

 , appear to lie on the mountain limestone. At Tenbury it is again seen, and 

 continues up to the DdauCleddau river, west of which to St. Bride's Bay 

 it is not again seen, igneous rocks taking its place. 



The mountain or Carboniferous lime-stone is aLso seen surroixnding the 

 coal-field and underljnng the Farewell Eook, excepting a jiiece near Bridgend, 

 where it Ls covered by the most recently formed rock in South Wales— the 

 Lower Lias — and again where the igneous rocks protrude in the south-west of 

 Pembrokeshire. 



In the Carboniferous lime-stone on the South Crop workings for lead have 

 taken place at different times for a long period past. In an old lead mine at 

 CefnpwU-dfl, near the Euperra Castle, several Roman coins were discovered. 

 Half a century ago lead was worked in Waim Fawr Wood, near Risca ; later 

 near Caerphilly, again on the Golden Mile, and Penlline, near Cowbridge. 

 All these workings were in faults or fissure lines in the Mountain lime-stone 

 which were infillings with the " vein stuff," probably of Permian or Liassic age. 



Very recently I believe R. F. L. Jenner, Esq., of Wenvoe Castle, has dis- 

 covered lead ore on his estate, but I expect it will be foimd also an " infilling" 

 of a fault which, of course, if the fissure be wde may contain a quantity of ore. 



The coal field is rich in organic remains. Although scarcely any attention 

 has been given to them the Flora is most abundant, and is now having the 

 attention of an eminent palaeontologist. Some little notice was given to 

 it by Lindley and Hutton in their " Fossil Flora of Great Britain, 1831-1837." 



Mr. Bernard Quaritch of Piccadilly is now republishing the work ; and 

 during the year 1873 Mr. WilUam Carruthers, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., 

 Keeper of the Botanical Department, British Museum,- will visit South 

 Wales for the purpose of examining all the fossil plants he can meet with, and 

 will add the fourth and supplementary volume, containing figures and 

 descriptions of all the important additions made to the Fossil Flora of Britain 

 since 1837, together with a critical examination of the species, in Lindley and 

 Hutton's classic work, and a synopsis of all the known fossil plants of Britain. 

 And I shall be much obliged by any members having fossil plants in their 

 possession, either writing to Mr. Carruthers or to me. 



The Favma is perhaps more fully described by the late Mr. J. W. Salter in 

 the " Memoirs of the Geological Survey,"part 3, " Iron Oresof Great Britain, 

 1871," than any other publication we have. 



Since that, in 1865, Mr. John Edward Lee, of Caerleon, met near Llan- 

 trissaint with the remains of an air-breathing coal reptile, which Professor 

 Owen examined, described, and named Anthrakerpeton Crassosteum. 



Its discovery was first printed in the "Geological Magazine," vol. 2., 

 No. 1, January, 1865, it was reprinted in the " Transactions of the Cardiff 

 Natviralists' Society," vol. 2, 1869. 



