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Mr. Bannerman, but not with the remains of the extinct mammalia, as far as I 
can understand ; and with it were the remains of the beaver. Again, however, I 
must remind you that the bones of the rhinoceros are the most numerous by far, 
and that this animal was pam excellence the prey of the hyznas on those great 
prairies of whigh a mere fragment now forms the Doward and the Forest of Dean. 
No remains of sheep or goats have been found in the caves save in the uppermost 
surface mould. Along with these extinct herbivorous animals we find the remains 
of great carnivores, or beasts of prey mixed together, and especially of the hyena, 
which we know now isin the habit of hunting in packs, pulling down an animal 
by hanging on to its flanks and limbs, eating and tearing the flesh, and then carry- 
ing off portions of the carcase to their dens and caves. In South Africa the hyena 
is often a man slayer, and the cave hyena was most nearly allied to the existing 
spotted hyzna of the Cape. I have more than once watched the hyzna in the 
Zoological gardens crunching huge beef bones and gnawing them as his pre- 
decessor formerly crunched the bones of the rhinoceros on the banks of the Wye. 
The existing hyzenas are cautious and cowardly animals, but a wounded or aged 
rhinoceros or lion has no chance with them. The remains of the hyzna were 
numerous in King Arthur’s cave, and with it were associated the coprolites or fossil 
dung, of this animal. The jaws and teeth exhibited speak for themselves. They 
cannot be distinguished in shape and form, but are often larger than those of the 
spotted hyena of South Africa. 
The Cave Lion (Felis spelcea) was a great feline animal which was once 
numerous in Ancient Britain, and has left certain testimony of his former existence 
in Dean Eorest by his teeth and canines in the cave of King Arthur. These may 
be seen in the museum at Gloucester, and one fine specimen we exhibit to-day. 
This was disinterred by Mr. Scobell, to whose aid I owe so much, along with the 
remains of the rhinoceros and great Irish deer, during our last researches. Mr. 
Boyd Dawkins and Mr. Sandford, who have paid great attention to this great lion 
of the British Caves, and which preyed like the hyena upon the mammoth, woolly 
rhinoceros, reindeer, and bison, believe that it was the ancestor of the great 
tropical lions of Asia and Africa, and a larger and stronger variety of the same 
species. The cave lion was very abundant in the Mendip Hills, and nearly a 
thousand specimens of the bones of this animal have been collected from caves 
between Banwell and Weston-super-Mare, and the old city of Wells. Between 
six and seven hundred specimens may be seen in the Taunton Museum. I have 
seen its canines in the collection of Mrs. Williams Wynne, at Cefn in Denbigh- 
shire, and again at Col. Wood’s, from the cave of Rayenscliff and Northhill Tor, 
near Swansea. The canines and carnassials of the cave lion in Gloucester Museum 
from King Arthur’s cave are very fine. The first thing that strikes us now is the 
anomaly of finding carnivores such as the hyzna and cave lion associated with 
such animals as the mammoth and reindeer, as these carnivores are now found in 
tropical regions, but similar remarks would apply to elephants and rhinoceroses 
which are now nowhere found in cold climates. Besides this, the existing tiger of 
Bengal is gifted with such an adaptation of constitution that it pulls down the rein- 
deer in the mountains of the Altai just as it springs upon the antelope in the 
