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the opposition to the king assumed a formidable aspect. The Earl Marshal joined the 
revolted barons; Hubert de Burgh, rescued from prison, threw in his lot with the out- 
laws, and Llewelyn strengthened the cause with a numerous army of sturdy Welsh- 
men. Henry mustered his forees—composed largely of Flemings and other foreigners 
—and marched to Hereford. But he found that the barons had carried off all the 
cattle and other effects from the surrounding country and that his vast host were 
without provisions. He therefore retired to the Castle of Grosmont ‘intending 
to remain there some days, and, confident in his numbers, encamped negligently 
in the fields outside the Castle. The barons, who had good intelligence, were 
informed of his position ; the Earl Marschal refused to join in an attack upon the 
person of the King, but the other confederates marched during the night with a 
numerous army of English and Welsh, and at day-break on the feast of St. 
Martin (November 11) fell upon the Royal Camp, drove away the Knights and 
Soldiers without striking a blow and made themselves masters of above 500 horses 
and all the equipage and luggage of the Camp. The King was safely lodged in 
the Castle of Grosmont, but he lost all his money and provisions, and many of his 
principal men were obliged to fly almost in a state of nudity.” ( Wrights’ Ludlow, 
p.p. 159-160). 
The king fled to Gloucester. Grosmont, Skenfrith, and Lantillio Castles 
after having been retained awhile by a garrison of Fleming’s, who were a terror to 
the neighbourhood, were transferred to the care of Hubert de Burgh, then restored 
to favour. In 1238 he surrendered them to the king, and we hear little of them 
again until early in the next century: At that time Grosmont was occupied by 
Henry, Earl of Lancaster, and within its walls was born the heroic Duke of 
Lancaster, (surnamed of Gresment) one of the noblest knights who fought beneath 
the standard of Edward III. Throughout the reign of that monarch the castles 
were kept in a state of complete defence, but it does not appear that they were 
ever assailed, in fact, we find no event of any importance in connection with them 
until the revolt of Owen Glyndwr in 1405. That chieftain (who to my mind stands 
on a far lower elevation than Llewelyn) had in the previous year met with the 
greatest success in invading and laying waste the western side of Herefordshire, 
and encouraged by this circumstance and by the addition of a French contingent 
to his army he renewed the campaign with increased vigour. Prince Henry 
(afterwards Henry V.,) was despatched by his father to Hereford, and heard that 
a body of 8000 Welsh had made a sudden attack on Grosmont and burnt part of 
the town. The prince hastily collected a small force, marched rapidly to Grosmont, 
and on March llth, defeated the invaders with great slaughter. J¢ is said that 
800 or 1000 Welsh were left dead upon the field: Glyndwr’s brother Tudor, was 
among the dead, and his eldest son Griffith, who commanded the expedition, was 
taken prisoner. 
The border castles suffered a good deal in the constant warfare caused by 
Glyndwr’s rebellion and probably then fell into ruin. Symonds, who visited 
Grosmont in 1645, with King Charles’ troops, mentions having noticed “the walls 
of an old castle on the north side of the towne, moted but in part dry, upon the 
