86 



service tree (P. torminaUs), as well as the P. Scandica and latifoUa, and the white 

 beam (P. Aria), remarkable not only for its bunches of white blossoms when in 

 flower, and of berries when in fruit, but for the whiteness on the undersides of 

 its soft and downy leaves, which when shaken by the wind present quite a 

 striking appearance. The sloe and bullace (Prunus spinosa and insititia), the 

 dwarf and wild cherry (P. cerasus and avium) are common. The bird cherry 

 {P. Paihts) is very local. The two buckthorns (Rhamnus catharticus and frangula), 

 the s]nndle tree (Euonymus Europcens), the dog wood (Cornus sanguinea), the 

 guelder rose ( Fi6!<?'?ii(w opiilus), axiiX the wayfaring tree (P. Lantana), together 

 with an almost endless variety of roses and Mubi, some amongst them considered 

 very scarce by Mr. Baker, the great Kew authority in this branch ; these with the 

 black and red Bryony (Tamus communis and Bryonia dioica) the honeysuckle, and 

 the elder, of which three separate kinds may be noticed — the Dane wort, perhaps 

 the most curious — are specially ornamental either from their foliage, fruit or 

 blossom ; and if we add the poplar and willow — the former often filled with 

 mistletoe, and the latter with its never-ending varieties, puzzling even those who 

 have made them a life-long study — together with the common and Wych elm, 

 a.sh, maple, alder, hazle, and hawthorn, we shall have made a considerable selection 

 from our list of forest trees. And now, whilst on the subject of woods, we may 

 enquire what ferns and other plants are to be found growing in them, ^lot to 

 mention those which are almost universal, such as primroses, anemones, blue-bells, 

 &c., we may note the cow- wheat (mclampyrum pratcnse), the wood sanicle (Sanic- 

 ula Europcea), the sweet woodruff, wood betoiiy, the Luzula Forsteri, Borreri, and 

 pilosa, (three not very common species of the wood rush) and the spurge {Euphorbia 

 amygdala ides), as almost everywhere exceedingly abundant. The Caper Spurge 

 [Euphorbia lathyris), has been found recently near Welsh Bicknor, and the only 

 locality in Britain for the ICuphorbia Stricta is near Tintern. The wood laurel 

 {Daphne Laureola), occurs frequently. The bearsfoot {Helleborus viridis), with 

 its handsome digitate leaves and green flowers, is found in one locality only. 

 The settarwort {Hdleborns fcetidus) gro.vs in two or thraa places, some vary fins 

 plants of which have been seen this year. The lily of the valley {Convallaria 

 majalis), and the Solomon's seal {Polygonatum muUifiorum), in two or three places 

 only. The herb Paris, plentiful in a few localities, but rather shy. The barberry 

 {berheris vulgaris), and the box also scarce. The columbine {Aquilegia vulgaris) 

 is another interesting plant, and one of the commonest of all is the traveller's joj' 

 or honesty (CTemai/s (Jtia^&a), covering the hedges with its feathery masses. The 

 two periwinkles {vinca major and minor), several of the Orobanchte or broom-rapes, 

 with their brown, weedy, withered-looking flowers, and parasitical on the roots of 

 hazel, the singular tooth-wort (Lalhrma squamaria), and under the beech trees 

 occasionally in autumn the yellow bird's nest {Monotropa hypopitys). 



The lesser winter green (Pyrola minor), very shy but very graceful, and 

 near it the pretty little Ruhus saxatilis are to be found at the Wynd Cliff, as well 

 as Sedum rupestre and Saxifraga hypnoides. The wild lettuce (Lacluca virosa) 

 grows on Doward, as well as the small teasel or shepherd's rod (JDipsacus pilosvs). 



