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Pit 4. — This excavation was made in a hollow in the surface of the citadel, 

 on the north side, close under the rampart. As soon as the turf was removed, the 

 earth was observed to be very black, and many pieces of coarse black pottery were 

 found. At 1 foot from the surface a fragment of iron armour (?), half a horseshoe, 

 and piece of hoop-iron were met with ; and at 20 inches, a spur. On September 

 15th, this pit was continued, and a large quantity of bones were met with of 

 domestic animals. Many of the bones had been split for the supposed purpose of 

 extracting the marrow. The greater number of bones were found at 2 feet from 

 the surface, and the larger was about 1 foot in thickness ; this was much mixed 

 up with fragments of coarse black pottery (which may be late Cymric, but difficult 

 to separate from Romano-British); a hone stone (?) ; and quartz pebbles. At 

 3 feet, a small whetstone, or burnisher, made out of a piece of slate perforated at 

 one end for suspension, which had been used for polishing arrow-points upon ; it 

 is 1^ inches in lengtli; and a piece of the horn of a red deer, 4 inches long, 

 which had been cut with a sharp instrument. These burnishers are very 

 ubiquitous, having been met with by Canon Greenwell, Professor Rolleston, and 

 General Pitt Rivers, in British barrows, &c. ; by Dr. Schielmann, at Hisirlik, the 

 supposed site of ancient Troy ; in Roman and Mediaeval excavations in London 

 and elsewhere ; and I am informed that similar articles are made to this day for 

 burnishing. So this little object which I hoped would help to prove the antiquity 

 of the pits, really proves nothing. 



Finding such a quantity of bones in this cutting, the trench was extended in 

 form of a triangle, following the line of depression as shown on the surface. It 

 was 3^ feet broad, 27 feet in length from north to south, and 27 feet from east to 

 west. This was evidently a kitchen midden. The bones from this pit I took to 

 the Royal College of Surgeons, where Professor Flower and Dr. Garson, to whom 

 my best thanks are due, took great pains in identifying them. 



They are as follows : — 



Ox — acetabula, humerus, ribs, portions of jaw, teeth, tibia (one complete, 



one partially so, one with epiphysis) astragali, and one radius. 

 Pig — several teeth and jaws, two tibiae, one humerus and terminal phalanx 



of foot of domestic pig. 

 Horse — one tooth. 



Sheep — five teeth, humeri, and portion of scapula. 

 Dog — jaws, teeth, and tibia of dog. 

 Bird — bones of a gallinaceous fowl. 

 Deer — metatarsal bones and ulna of Roe. 

 Deer — astragali, teeth, jaw, forehead (two portions), portion of scapula, 



portion of humerus, articular head of femur, os calcis, two vertebrae 



and portion of acetabulum of deer. 

 Pit 5. — This was a hollow in the surface of the western portion of the 

 citadel ; this trench was about 6 feet in length, with a breadth of 2 feet, in a north 

 and south direction. The earth beneath the turf was very black, and at first 



