225 



This is, undoubtedly, another instance of the effects of denudation, the 

 ditches being level with the tops of the rampart. 



General Pitt Eivers, who is our best authority on British earthworks, 

 examined the fortifications of the camp with me, and he was of opinion that the 

 absence of the ramparts and ditches here, could never have been caused by the 

 camp having been stormed from that point. Apart from this side looking over a 

 friendly country, there is no better reason for the absence of the ramparts than that 

 already deduced, i.e., that the west side suffers most from the severe weather, and 

 that the whole of the so-called breaches have been caused by denudation, which, I 

 may add, stiU continues with great rapidity, and may be seen upon all the slopes 

 on the western side of the Malverns. 



The section made in this outer ditch was 12 feet long by 3 feet in breadth. 

 At a depth of 3 feet, some black pottery and a sling stone were met with. In the 

 course of the excavation of this trench, several large blocks of Laurentian rock 

 (natural rock of the hill) were found at a depth of 6 feet from the surface; this was 

 evidently the bottom of the ditch, as no evidence was discovered of its having been 

 disturbed by man. 



On the main way from the camp on the south-west side, there are several de- 

 pressions or hollows visible on the sides of the way. Id one of these an excavation 

 was made, 7 feet long by 5| feet wide, and 3 feet in depth, but it contained 

 nothing. 



19th September. A section was cut into the rampart, on the north side of 

 the citadel, 4 feet wide by 22 feet long ; this was from the inner side of the hollow 

 or flat, up to the centre of the crest of the rampart. 



Beneath the turf on the flat and the lower portion of the interior slope, the 

 soil was very dark, in parts almost black. At 1 foot below the turf, a fragment of 

 bone was thrown out, pieces of charcoal, and a quartz pebble ; at 20 inches, bones. 

 At IJ feet, the thickness of the turf and surface soil, the old interior slope of the 

 rampart became visible ; it was composed of angular fragments of the rock, as 

 throvm out of the ditches below. At a depth of 18 inches, resting upon this in- 

 terior slope, and on the flat cutting at the same depth, bones and teeth of pig were 

 found ; at 2 feet, tusk and tooth of pig. At 2^ feet, in the middle of the rampart, 

 several fragments of coarse black pottery, some having a rim, and bones of ox ; at 

 3 feet, pottery ; at 4 feet and 4^ feet, charcoal ; at 5 feet, in the centre of the ram- 

 part, decayed bones and charcoal ; at this level, was a hard seam composed of clay, 

 burnt ashes, and charcoal ; in it a quartz pebble was found. At 5| feet, the old 

 surface line of the hill was discovered ; it was composed of a layer of bluish 

 coloured clayey soil, having a most disagreeable smell, compared by the men to 

 that of exploded gunpowder, about 3 to 4 inches in thickness ; this was all tha 

 remained of the original turf of the hill upon which the rampart was thrown up. 

 In it fragments of charcoal were found. The excavation was continued to a depth 

 of 7 feet 2 inches, but without further results being attained. 



