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Salmon is a migratory being that can only be bred in the upper portion of a 

 river ; the fish feed in the sea, and if you exclude them from a river, or exclude 

 them from the sea, they may soon become extinct. 



The rivers of England and Wales exceed in extent those of either Scotland 

 or Ireland, which supply large quantities of salmon, and yield a large revenue. 



"A National property, which was in early times watched over by the legis- 

 lature and encouraged, has through improvidence and neglect been suffered to 

 decline." 



It is worthy of remark that the salmon fisheries, both of Ireland and 

 Scotland, though smaller in extent and not superior in natural capabilities to those 

 of England and Wales, have each received much more care and attention in recent 

 times, and are at the present moment far more productive : England is however 

 moving. 



Among the causes of decline are, chiefly, spread of manufacturing indxistries, 

 barring and polluting our streams. 



At Nanty, within 3 miles of the source of the Wye, there is a lead mine, and 

 the injurious effects of its working are felt— as the Inspectors are told — as far down 

 as Rhayader, about 14 miles below. 



There is a curious relation between the English Cathedral cities and the 

 salmon rivers. Out of twenty-seven bishops, eighteen preside over sees that 

 produce or ought to produce salmon. Let the ladies be pleased to think of the 

 Cathedral cities on the banks of the salmon-producing rivers ; the Ouse, Wear, 

 Exe, Elwy, Wye, Taff, Avon, Eden, Severn (two), Dee and Ure. Let them also 

 try and name the Cathedral cities, lying on the banks of the rivers where salmon- 

 produce has been destroyed, viz : — the Stour, Thames (two), Itchen, Avon, and 

 Medway. Further, let them seek the Cathedral cities, on the banks of the rivers 

 which never were, and never will be, salmon-producing rivers, either being too 

 near the coast, or not in a mountainous part of the country. 



The office seal of the Vicar of Whalley, near Clitlieroe, Lancashire, is that 

 of three salmon, with their tails interlocked ; it resembles a monumental stone in 

 the Abbey. 



CISTERCIANS. 



Named from Citeaux, wild forest, 15 miles from Dijon. 



Order. — Off-shoot of Benedictines, and professing their rule "in its primi- 

 tive vigour." 



Founder. — St. Robert, native of Champagne, born 1018, joined Benedictines; 

 afterwards (1075), left them for a company of hermits. Later on, the more zealous 

 Bededictines of his former monastery (Molesme) went with him to Citeaux, and 

 built wooden huts. Date of foundation — 1098. Eventually (1100) Robert was 

 forced to return to Molesme, and died there. 



