the elevatory forces which raised the Malvern Hills, in the Philo- 

 Bophical Magazine for November, 1851. I will only add, that, 

 looking to the existing evidences of adequate forces, it may be fairly 

 conjectured that the outburst of basalt, which forms the top of the 

 Clee Hills, in Shropshire, between 20 and 30 miles distant (20'' N. 

 of W.), and which there has not merely dislocated the coal field aad 

 elevated portions of it, 200 or 300 feet above the level of the top of 

 the Malvern Hills, to a higher position than that of any other cosil 

 field in Britain (?), carrying up the three lower seams of coal in one 

 place many yards above the corresponding strata on each side of the 

 fault (the upper seam being now wanted), and overflowing them 

 like the top of a huge mushroom, was obviously due to that period, 

 and might not improbably have been connected with the convulsive 

 throes to which the elevation of the Malvern Hills, and the con- 

 tinuation of the range to Abberley, and of the old red sandstone of 

 Herefordshire may be attributed. 



Before passing to the Leintwardine meeting, with the view of 

 giving the matter a little more continuity, I will recall your thoughts 

 to the last meeting of 1852, which took place at Mortimer's Cross, 

 of which, in the absence of the President, I had the honour to have 

 the direction. The object of it was to familiarize the eye with the 

 best types of the upper Ludlow formation, which rising from below 

 the old red sandstone of Herefordshire forms the top of the Silurian 

 system. Commencing our walk at the North-field qnarry, in the 

 parish of Shobdon (the equivalent of the Downton Castle building 

 etone), we visited several sections and quarries along the slopes 

 towards Croft Castle, observing the junction of the yellow sandstone 

 beds, with the old red sandstone near Lucton, and following down 

 the strata to the limestone in Croft Castle demesne valley (the 

 equivalent of the Aymestry and Sedgley limestone, separating the 

 upper from the lower Ludlow rocks), which we examined on each 

 side of the valley, and again at the Whiteway Head (on the 

 prolongation of the escapfment from Aymebtry and Croft Ambrcv), 

 where the strata are highly inclined, and the structure well exhi- 

 bited. (See the beautiful wood-cut page 2*3 of the Siluriau System) 

 Occasion was taken to explain the meaning of the strike or directiini, 

 and the dip of rocks ; the use and measure of the same; anti and 

 syn-clinal lines of action ; the formation of (loiiii>, l'a.-iiii«, valleys of 



