14 



4. My case is greatly strengthened by the fact that the Britons actually 

 used their word givatol, meaning first a trench and afterwards a wall, to desig- 

 nate Roman fortifications. " Gwawl Sevenis" was their name for the wall of 

 Sevenis, the Eastern end of which is still known as Wall's-End. An ancient 

 British poet (cited by Richards) speaks of it as 



Rhag gwerin gythrawl, gwawl fain. 

 Conspicuous against the people {i.e. the Picts), a stone walL 



5. Cornwall is no doubt from Com wealas, i.e., the strangers' promontory 

 or horn-shaped land ; but the Latin Gwallia is a corrupt spelling ; it should be 

 Gwalia, the middle a being long, with only one I. The word is, indeed, alto- 

 gether doubtful Latin, of monkish manufacture, a mere Latinising of the Saxon 

 word Waela or Weala, which originally meant the British inhabitant^ of 

 Wessex, but was afterwards extended to the Britons of the mountain^, and 

 finally was applied to the mouotain land itself. 



To sum up, I look upon the Wall HUls as one of the chain of late British 

 fortifications, constructed near the Roman road from Magna eastward, as a 

 defence against the Anglian invaders, or perhaps even as late as Athelstan's 

 time. Not only has the camp no British name, but there is not a single British - 

 named place within some miles. Hill and dale alike all round it are thoroughly 

 Saxon in name. All which facts are intelligible only on the theory that this was 

 a camp of late construction, captured probably almost as soon as made, as my 

 friend has shown to be in brief the history of the Herefordshire Beacon camp 



Then followed a short paper on 



