MILLER — CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ANATOMICAL LABORATORY. 223 



border of the liver ; it then bends ventrally from the aorta and 

 enters the liver somewhat to the left of the median line. In the 

 liver it continues anteriorly until it reaches its anterior margin 

 where it divides into the Hp:patic Sixus, H. S., PL 11, which, 

 after being joined by the Ducts of Cuvier, D. C, PL 11, 

 empties into the Sinus Venosus. 



In the female the posterior vena cava receives on each side 

 as it passes between the ovaries from fourteen to twenty Ovarian 

 Veins, O., PL 11. The number differs not only in different 

 specimens, but also on the different sides of the same specimens. 

 These veins are small and very tortuous. Usually two or three 

 form a small group and unite just before they enter the post- 

 caval. They vary in length as well as in size ; those from the 

 center of the ovaries are about 10 nun long, while those from the 

 ends are not more than 5 nun in length. The adjacent groups 

 of veins are connected with each other by small cross branches 

 near the ovaries. 



In the male five, rarely four or six large, and several small, 

 Spermatic Veins run from each testis into the postcaval as it 

 passes between them. 



On the convex side of the bend where the posterior vena cava 

 leaves the dorsal wall of the body cavity to enter the liver, it 

 is joined by a vessel which branches like a Y, and connects it 

 with each of the posterior cardinal veins, Y., PL 11. 



The Posterior Cardinal Veins, P. C, PL 11, arise near 

 the central part of the body on each side of the aorta. They 

 run anteriorly until near the Duct of Cuvier; here they bend 

 laterally and empty into these vessels at their distal end. At 

 their caudal end the posterior cardinals are connected ^^^th the 

 renal portal by means of muscular l)ranches which come from 

 the back. Each muscular vessel in this region of the back, as 

 soon as it penetrates the body wall divides into two branches, 

 one of which passes anteriorly, the other posteriorly. These 

 branches anastomose with each other and eventually with the 

 posterior cardinal in front and the renal portal behind. The 

 letters R. P., in Plate 11 are opposite the branches which form 

 the anastomosis. This connection between the posterior cardi- 



