JOUBNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 13 



tribe. Other crane-flies have, as a rule, thirteen, fourteen or 

 sixteen segments to the antennae. The pupae of the Hexatomini 

 differ from all crane-fly ])npae known to the authors in the 

 presence of six pairs of abdominal spiracles. The larvae, in the 

 powerful decussate mandibles, the great elongation of the 

 maxillae and the feeble chitinization of the mental region present 

 striking differences from other crane-fly larvae. 



Larval habitat — The larvae and pupfe of the three forms 

 reared occurred together in a gravelly sand-bank along Fall 

 Greek near Forest Home, Ithaca, N. Y. The soil in which the 

 species occurred varied from a gravel of rather coarse texture to 

 a fine clay thickly ]ienetrated by grass-roots. Earlier in the 

 spring, full grown larvae of E. spinosa have been found in Fall 

 Creek, Coy Glen and other rapid streams about Ithaca, at which 

 time they occurred beneatli stones far out in the bed of the 

 creek. It seems probable that most of the larvae live in sand 

 near the water's edge; that many could live beneath stones in 

 the creek seems impossible considering the closeness of search 

 by members of the Limnological classes during the past few 

 years. 



On the morning of April 30, 1913, Mr. Lloyd found adults of 

 E. lougicornis very common on the island in Fall Creek above 

 the second bridge in Forest Home. They were swarming in 

 numbers around the flowers of Willow {Salix), that grows 

 commonly on the flat shore. On the morning of May 1, Dr. 

 Needham and Mr. Alexander went up to this island to observe 

 the feeding habits of the species. Very few of the adult flies 

 were to be seen on the wing Init the insect was emerging by the 

 hundred, and pupae, cast pu]ial skins and teneral adults were 

 very common. The pupae of longicornis occurred an inch or 

 two beneath the surface of the gravel, projecting from one- 

 third to one-half of their length above the soil level, the caudal 

 end attached. A few specimens pushed up about two-thirds of 

 their lengths and remained perfectly quiet in the hot sun, 

 settling lower and lower in their cavities until almost hidden; 

 it seems probable that such specimens would not transform as 

 strong, healthv individuals even if thev emerged at all. Most 



