JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 15 



whole body is carried very straight and stiff during this opera- 

 tion, the abdomen, especially, being very long and pale. The 

 drawing out of the extreme tijis of the antennae is usually 

 accomplished by the bending backward of the whole body of the 

 insect, but this is not always the case. When the antennae are 

 freed, the insect then walks a few steps from the skin, first 

 withdrawing its abdomen from the case. It then waits quietly 

 until it attains more strength and color. It is probable that this 

 teneral condition of the insect is its most dangerous period as 

 it is defenseless against all enemies. An account of the enemies 

 of the species is given in a later paragraph. 



A count of one square foot of normal gravel was made 

 at this time and showed the following: Twenty-eight living 

 pupae of longicornis, two larvae of spinosa, one pupa of Tipidn 

 hella Lw., one large Tabanid larva ; forty-seven cast pupal 

 skins of longicornis, as well as most of the natural beetle asso- 

 ciates given in a later place. This infestation was merely 

 normal and many square rods of ground along the south bank 

 of Fall Creek were in almost the same condition. One small 

 larva, almost certainly of this species and described hereinafter 

 as such, was found but ])ractical]y all of the larvae had passed 

 into the ijujial stage; many of these i)upae were very pale and 

 feebly colored and evidently but newly transformed. 



The emergence of the adults of E. longicornis from the 

 pupae took place during the late hours of the morning, most 

 numerously between ten a. m. and noon. 



Natural enemies of the pupae and the teneral imagoes were 

 found to be medium-sized black Lycnsid spiders which were 

 preying on the weak, uncolored adults in numbers ; dozens of 

 the spiders were noted with individuals of the crane-tlies in 

 their grasp ; these spiders when alarmed would run away very 

 rapidly but only in exceptional cases would they release their 

 victims. A few Attid spiders wei'e also noted with Eriocera\ 

 A mound of gravel and sand containing many pupae and skins 

 was noted showing traces of a bird or mammal having preyed 

 upon the pupae. 



