JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 17 



fullj^-growu pupae transformed in the pail while being brought 

 into the laboratory. The larvae are almost certainly carnivor- 

 ous, their powerful sickle-shaped mandibles inflicting a painful 

 bite on tender parts of the hand. 



The larvae oi E. fultoncvsh were found in the same situations 

 on May 30. They occurred in company with numerous spinosa 

 larvae and pupae, a few large Tabanid larvae, a small Tabanid 

 pupa, and the following beetle associates: Bemhidium, Schizo- 

 genius, Tachys, Cryptohium bicnlor, etc. These larvae were placed 

 in breeding-jars on May 30. One of these larvae pupated on 

 June 1 and emerged as an adult on June 6. This gives a very 

 short indoor pupal period of a trifle less than a week. 



The habits of the adult flies are still not well known. At 

 5:00 p. m. on May 1, 1913, the swarming of the species was 

 observed near the place described above. At 5 :40 p. m. they 

 were flying in some numbers, swarms averaging from thirty to 

 forty individuals being the most common. They kept out in 

 the open, away from trees or bushes, and maintained an aver- 

 age height of from thirty to forty feet above the ground. Most 

 of the swarms were out above the creek-bed but others were 

 above the banks of the stream. The entire swarm seemed to 

 face the gentle easterly breeze (i. e., up-stream). They swarmed 

 about on a horizontal plane, the motions of each individual 

 being mostly like a figure 8. The swarm covered considerable 

 space, being from eight to ten feet high and about one-half of 

 that distance through, the swarm scarcely moving from its 

 position. Individuals constantly leave and rejoin the swarms. 

 The insects sit on the tops of the willow bushes before joining 

 the swarms and at this time are very wary. They dart up into 

 the air and far overhead at the first approach of a possible 

 enemy. It is very hard to catch specimens from the ground, 

 but by standing on the bridge, which is only a little lower than 

 the level of the swarm, it is rather easy to capture departing 

 and incoming individuals. The next night. May 2, at 5:30 p. m., 

 the insects were again swarming in numbers ; at this time the 

 swarms were smaller, of from twenty-five to thirty individuals, 

 and they swarmed quite low, ten to fifteen feet up, just out 



