JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 139 



associated." He investigated this subject and came to the 

 conclusion that the Collembola never attack a perfectly green 

 and healthy plant. Of the species Suiynthurus anmlis, Fitch 

 says, "It is common to see them in the garden, upon the leaves, 

 l)articularly of the pie rhubarb, where these leaves are per- 

 forated with holes by the flea beetles." Guthrie states that he 

 had never met with any gardeners of the State of Minnesota 

 who had noticed any damage from these insects and he himself 

 had ever seen them feeding upon green plants. Guthrie also 

 states that he learned from Prof. H. E. Summers, State 

 Entomologist of Iowa, that a certain species of Achonites kept 

 the soil so stirred uj) that the young plants couldn't take root 

 and many of them died. Collinge mentions a similar case that 

 came under his notice in which a bed of sweet peas was 

 destroyed. 



During the last few years the men who have worked the most 

 on this subject were Carpenter, Evans, Theobald and Collinge of 

 England and Scotland. Carpenter has recorded Achorufes 

 Innfiispinus TuUb. and Lipiira amhulans Linn, as causing injury 

 to bean seeds. Theobald speaks of certain Collembola attack- 

 ing orchids and others damaeing hojis. Also he records a 

 species of Isotoma which tormented fowls. Marlatt describes 

 a species of Lepidocyrt/its which infested the houses in Wash- 

 ington, D. C. Collinge has carried on some very carefial obser- 

 vations which have established without a doubt that Collembola 

 are distinctly injurious to orchids, beans, peas and numerous 

 bulbs of which the hvacinth, narcissus and tulip suffered the 

 worst. In speaking of the nature of the injury he says, "It 

 is practicallv the same in all cases, and consists in scraping 

 away the epidermis and then the softer tissue until a distinct 

 hole or depression is formed. After this stage, decomposition 

 of the plant tissues rapidly takes place, due to the inroads of 

 fungi and the bulb is practically ruined." 



Collinge also records an instance where the Collembola have 

 damaged pine trees. The opening buds of some shoots of 

 Pinufi syh^estris were found to be falling off and the young 

 reedles had a dry, withered appearance and many of them fell 



