PISCES. 107 



Branchiostegous membrane mostly with 10 or 11 rays (rarely 

 with 9 or 12). Caudal fin truncate or concave posteriorly, emar- 

 ginate. 



Salmo Fario L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. ii, Salar AusoniiY Ah., Cuv. etYAL. 

 Poiss. XXI. pi. 6i8; the trout; in small, rapid streams. 



Salmo Salar L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 20, Salmo Salmo Valenc, Cuv. et 

 Val. Poiss. XXI. PI. 614; the salmon, le Saumon, der Lachs; 11 broad gill- 

 rays, the back dark blue, with dark brown round spots, which, after a resi- 

 dence for some time in fresh water, become indistinct. This is the largest 

 species of this genus, which attains a length of 3' ; some have been taken 

 which weighed 50 lbs. (old Dutch). This fish lives in winter in the sea after 

 having shot its spawn in fresh water. The eggs lie 100 days or more before 

 being hatched (in the spring). In the Mediterranean this species does not 

 occur; it particularly abounds in Scotland and Norway. The skeleton is 

 figured by Rosenthal, Ichthyot. Tafeln, Tab. vi. fig. i. 



Family XVIII. Esocii. Body mostly covered with scales. 

 Dorsal fin near caudal, almost opposite to anal; no second adipose 

 fin. Margin of upper jaw partly formed by intermaxillary bone ; 

 supramaxillary bones edentulous. Swimming-bladder simple. Py- 

 loric appendages none. Pseudobranchiffi latent, glandular. 



+ Inferior 'pharyngeal hones two. 



Galaxias Cuv. Body naked. Brancbiostegous membrane 

 with 6 — 9 rays. 



Sp. Galaxias trutfaceus Guv., Cuv. etYAL. Poiss. xviii. PI. 543; — Galaxias 

 attemiatus Valenc, Mesites attenuatus Jennyns, Cuv. R. Ani., ed. ill., 

 Poiss. PI. 97, fig. 2, &c. Small fresh-water fishes from the southern hemi- 

 sphere. J. Mueller, who would either make a distinct family of them or 

 unite them with the preceding, has drawn attention to the absence of 

 oviducts, 



Esox L. (in part) Cuv. Body elongate, scaly, with snout 

 oblong, obtuse, depressed. Intermaxillary bones small, armed with 

 small sharp teeth. Teeth in lower jaw conical, unequal. Teeth in 

 vomer and palate subulate, small, crowded. Branchiostegous mem- 

 brane with 13 — 16 rays. 



Sp. Esox Lucius L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 32, Skandinaviens Fishar, PI. ro ; 

 the pilce, le Brochet, der Hecht; the gill-membrane has mostly fourteen rays, 

 the number however is variable, sometimes even different on the two sides, 

 in one and the same fish ; the colour on the head and back is dark olive- 

 brown, at the sides spotted yellow, white below. This species is foimd in 

 the rivers of the whole of Europe and north of Asia, and even in some lakes 

 of North America (the lahe Huron, for instance, EiCHARDSON Faun, boreal. 



