PISCES. 117 



are about twenty foreign species of this sub-genus, partly in the East 

 Indies, at China and Japan, partly in the Western hemisphere. 



'\'f Sup7'amaxiUary bone beJiind the intermaxillary inserted into the (ethmoid 

 bone produced. Jaws equal, with snout tumid above the mouth. 



Chaioessus Valenc. (Cuv. in part). Teeth none. Branchioste- 

 gous membrane with. 6 rays. Last ray of dorsal fin produced in 

 many into a long seta. 



Sp. Clupea nasus Bloch, Ichih. Tab. 427, Peddah-Kome'RussEhh, from Pon- 

 dicherry ; — Chatoessus Cepcdianus, Megalop)s Cepedianus Lesueue, Cuv. et 

 Val. Poiss. XX. PI. 612 ; on the coasts of N. America, &c. 



Engraiilis Cuv. iEthmoid bone produced beyond the mouth. 

 Gape of mouth very ample, produced behmd the eyes, with long 

 supramaxillary bones. Vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones mostly 

 rough or armed with very small teeth. Maxillary teeth very small, 

 sometimes none. Branchial aperture very ample; branchiostegous 

 membrane with 9 — 14 rays. Scales thin, often deciduous. Abdo- 

 men in some rotund, in others carinate, serrate. 



Sp. Engraulis encrasicholus Cuv., Clupea Encrasicholus L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 

 30, fig. 2, Yaer. Brit. Fish. 11. p. 140, the anchovy, Vanchois, in the Medi- 

 terranean and North Sea; there are 12 or 13 rays in the gill-membrane, 

 15 — 17 rays in the pectoral, and 7 in the ventral fin ; the length is mostly 

 from 5" to 6". 



In some species (the sub-genus Thryssa Cuv.) the upper jawbones are pro- 

 duced into free, long threads. In these the abdomen is furnished with a 

 sharp serrated margin. Sp. Engraidis setirostris, Clupea selirostris, Brous- 

 SON, Ichth. Tab. xi. ; from the South Pacific and Indian Ocean. 



Coilia Gray, Trichosoma SwAiNS. 



Exotic fishes, related to the preceding genus; with setae elongate, 

 free over the pectoral fins, 



Odontognathus Lac, Gnatlwholus SCHN. Body elongate, com- 

 pressed, covered with deciduous scales, with abdomen serrate. 

 Supramaxillary bones elongate, cuspidate. Maxillary teeth small, 

 conical. Branchiostegous membrane with six rays. Ventral fins 

 none. Dorsal fin small, remote; anal fin very long, depressed. 



Sp. Odontognathus aculeatus Lacep. Poiss. 11. PI. 7, fig. 2, Cuv. et Val. 

 Poiss. XXI. PI. 611; from the West Indies. This genus differs little from 

 Engraidis, except in the absence of the ventral fins. 



