PISCES. 127 



t+ Ventral fins with several rays, mostly 5 or 6. 



a) Dorsal fin single, long; anal fin single. 



Brosmius Cuv. 



Sp. Gadus brosme Gmel., Brosmius imlgaris Cuv., Yaekell Brit. Fishes, 11. 

 p. 197. 



b) Dorsal fins tivo ; anal fin single. 



Motella Cuv. First dorsal fin very low or rudimentary, inserted 

 in a furrow. Ventral fins distant. 



Sp. Gadus Mustela L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. \6$, &c. 



Lota Cuv. First dorsal fin exsert. Mental cirrus. Ventral fins 

 distant. 



Sp. Gadus Lota L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 70 ; Ccv. R. Ani., ed. ill., Poiss. 

 PI. 106, fig. 3 ; the eel-pout, burbot; the only species of this family that 

 ascends rivers and is taken in fresh water. 



Merluccius Cuv. First dorsal fin exsert. Chin without cirrus. 

 Teeth large, acute, disposed almost in a single row. 



Sp. Gadus Merluccius L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 164, Shandinaviens Fishar, 

 PI. 33 ; the under jaw longer than the upjjer ; the hahe. 



c) Dorsal fins three, anal ttco. Mental cirrus single or none. 



Gadus Cuv. (with add. of genus Merlangus ejusd.) 



Sp. Gadus Merlangus L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 65, Skandioiaviens FisJcar, 

 PI. 18; the whiting; without barbule ; upper-jaws longer. Gadus JEgle- 

 finus L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 62, Shandinaviens Fiskar, PI. 19 ; the 

 haddock; Gadus {Callarias and) Morrhua L., Bloch Ichth. Tab. 64, 

 Skandinavicns Fiskar, PI. 47 ; the cod; these species have a barbule at the 

 lower jaw. {Gadus Callarias of authors is, according to Fries, Kroeter 

 and others, a name given to younger cod-fishes.) When dried this species 

 (and Gadus Merluccius also) supplies the so-called stock-fish, when salted 

 the Haberdine (salt-fish). The oil of the liver {Oleum jecoris aselli) cod- 

 liver oil is much used, especially in glandular affections. 



Family XXVII. Pleuronectce. Body compressed, covered 

 with scales small or moderate, mostly denticulate at the posterior 

 margin. Head asymmetrical ; both eyes placed on the same side. 

 Branchiostegous membrane mostly with 7 rays. Dorsal and anal 

 fins very long. Pectoral fins small, very often unequal, sometimes 

 none. Swimming-bladder none. 



The soles or flat-fishes, forming the genits Pleuronectes L., are 

 marine fishes, which commonly keep in deep water; some species 



