PISCES. 167 



second row larger in lower jaw. Teeth acute, thin, in a single row 

 in palate-bones. Teeth in vomer and tongue none. Dorsal fin long, 

 low, anteriorly higher, with only three spines. Scales moderate, 

 covering the body, head, and vertical fins. Caudal fin deeply ex- 

 cised, with lobes acuminate, elongate. 



Sp. Brama Eaji Bl., Schn., Willughb. Hist. Pise. Tab. v. fig. 12, Bloch 

 Ichih. Tab. 273, Cov. et Val. Poiss. vii. PI. 190; the skeleton in Rosen- 

 thal Ichtliyotom. Taf. xii. fig. i ; the back black, the sides bluish, the belly 

 silver coloured, pectoral and ventral fins yellowish ; the last small. This fish 

 attains a length of r.y — 2^' ; it occurs in the Mediterranean and also in the 

 North Sea. The cranium has a high, erect crest, like that of Coryphmna 

 hippurus L., which on the whole it resembles, although the rest of the 

 skeleton is very different. There are five pyloric appendages ; a swimming- 

 bladder is not present. 



PemijJieris Cuv. (spec, of Kurtiis BL). Body broad anteriorly 

 with abdomen convex, attenuate posteriorly, covered with large deci- 

 duous scales. Head scaly, short, with eyes very large. Teeth small, 

 thin, crowded in jaws, in palate-bones and vomer. Dorsal fin short, 

 acuminate, towards the fore part placed over the pectoral fins; anal 

 fin long. Lateral line nearer to back, parallel with it. 



Sp. Penipheris mangula Cuv., Pempheris taifensis ejusd. Cov. et Val. Poiss. 

 VII. PI. loi (according to Bleekek Pempheris vanicolensis and Pemph. 

 nesogall ica Cov. ought to be united with it) ; in the Indian and Pacific 

 Oceans, from the island of Mauritius to Otaheite ; — Pempheris mcxicana 

 Cuv., GuEK. Iconogr., Poiss. PI. 26, fig. 2. To this genus belongs also 

 Kurtus argenteus Bl., Schn. Syst. Ichth. Tab. 41. 



Toiwtes' Cuv. Head flat above the very large eyes. Jaws, 

 vomer and palate-bones rough with very small, short, crowded 

 teeth. Lower jaw longer; gape of mouth large. Dorsal fin oppo- 

 site to anal, remote towards the tail, furnished with four strong 

 spines. 



Sp. Toxotes jaculator Cuv., Sciccna jaculatrix Schlossek, Scarus Schlosseri 

 Gmel., Lac, Lahrus jaculatrix (sic) Lacep., Coius chatareus Buchan., 

 Fishes of the Ganges, PI. 14, fig. 34, Guerin Iconogr., Poiss. PI. 26, fig. 3; 

 in the sea, and in rivers, in the East Indies, at the Sunda Islands, the 

 Moluccan Arcliipelago and New-Guinea. This fish throws drops of water 

 upon insects that chance to be on water-plants, and thus causes them to 

 fall into the water, in order to overpower them. 



Pimehpterus Lac, Cuv. {Xyster COMMERS,). Scales large, 

 covering body and head. Maxillary teeth of outer row broken at a 

 right angle, sectorial by their anterior vertical portion, affixed by 



