172 CLASS XIV. 



Caudal fin lunate or forked. Body elongate, fusiform or oval. 

 Pharyngeal teeth setaceous, crowded. 



Ccesio CoMMERS., Lac. Dorsal fin scaly tliroughout or at the 

 base, beginning behind pectoral fins. 



Sp. Ccesio erythrogaster Kuhl and V. Hass., Sparus cuning Bloch, IcldTi. Tab. 

 •263, fig. I, Cuv. et Valenc. Poiss. vi. PI. 166. In this species Bleeker 

 found in large specimens the vomer rough from very small teeth. He ob- 

 served the same in a new species, which he names Ccesio Pingalo {Verh. van 

 het. Bcttav. Genootschap xxiii. Deel, Bijclrage tot de kennis cler Sparoiclen en 

 Mcenoiclen van den Soenda-MoluJcschen ArcMpel.). This observation is for us 

 an additional reason why we should not divide Mcena Cuv. as a genus from 

 Smaris. All the species hitherto known of the sub-genus Ccesio are from 

 the eastern hemisphere, from the Indian Ocean and some also from the 

 Red Sea. 



Smarts Cuv. Dorsal fin not scaly, beginning over pectoral fins. 

 Vomer in some edentulous, in otliers {^Mcena Cuv.) fui-nished with 

 a row of fine, crowded teeth. 



Sp. Smaris Mcena nob., Mcena vidgaris Cuv., Sparus Mcena L. ? Cuv. R. Ani., 

 ed. ill., Poiss. PI. 36, fig. 4 (icon capitis) ; — Sma7'is {Mcena Cuv.) Osheckii, 

 Sparus tricuspidatus Spinola, Ann. clu Mus. x. PI. 28, fig. i; — .species 

 from the Medit. Sea. 



Smaris vulgaris Cuv., Sparus Smaris L. in part, Bonap. Faun. Ital. Pise, 

 Tab. 90, fig. 2 ; Bonapaetb distinguishes from this, under the name of 

 Smctris gracilis, the fish described by Delaroche, Ann. du Mus. XIII. 1809, 

 p. 344, PI. 25, fig. I'j ;— Smaris alcedo Cuv., Gveuin Iconogr., Poiss. PL 

 21, fig. I, and some other species from the Medit. Sea. Species of this 

 group occur also in the Atl. Ocean. 



Gerres Cuv. Teeth small, crowded, in a narrow belt in jaws, 

 teeth in vomer and palate-bones none. Dorsal fin inserted in a 

 narrow groove, surrounded by erect scales. Anterior inferior pha- 

 ryngeal teeth setaceous, the rest globose. Body compressed, with 

 back and abdomen acute, breast flat in front of ventral fins. Pr^e- 

 operculum often denticulate. Protracted mouth, bent obliquely 

 downwards, head with retracted mouth short in front of eyes. 

 Caudal fin deeply bilobed. 



Sp. Gerres oyena Cuv., Labrus oyena FoRSK., Labrus longirostris Lac. Poiss. 

 III. PI. 19, fig. i; — Gerres Plmnieri Cuv. et Val. Poiss. vi. PI. 167, &c. 

 Species from the Tropical Seas. Like the other fishes of this division, these 

 species have three spinous ravs at the anal fin ; Bleeker has discovered a 

 species at Java which has five such rays ; he forms from it the genus Pen- 

 taprion ; Sp. Pentaprion gerreoides. 



