374 CLASS XVI. 



Oriis, Ardea, Numenius, Anas, Lar^is, Sterna, and some otliers. 

 To the old world are proper: Vultur (In the strict sense), many 

 sub-genera of the genus Sylvia {Sylvia, Ltiscnna, &c.), Oi'iolus, 

 Alauda, except a few species forming the sub-genus Otochoris, 

 Yunx, Buceros, Phasianus. Of these genera some are common to 

 Asia, Europe and Africa; to Asia especially are proper Pavo and 

 Casuarius, to New Guinea Paradisea; African genera are Miiso- 

 jpihaga, Numida and Buphaga. Proper to New Holland are the 

 genefa Scythrojys, Strepera, Menura. As tropical forms, which 

 have species in both hemispheres, we notice especially in America 

 and Asia the numerous genus Psittacus, of which, however, some 

 species are met with in the southern hemisphere and in America at 

 higher latitudes ; also Parra, and amongst the swimming-birds, 

 Phaeton, Phynchops and Plotus. Proper to the western hemisphere 

 are the genera: Cathartes [SarcorhampJius) , which represents there 

 the genus Vidtur of the old world, Anabates, Dendrocolaptes, Ty~ 

 rannus, Pipra, Icterus (and Cassicus), Tanagra (which here repre- 

 sents the genus Fringilla, almost proper to the old world, and in 

 Africa so numerous In species), RhampJiastos, Grotophaga, Penelope, 

 Crax, Meleagris, Tinamus, Psophia and others; also, what we here 

 name the last, but which perhaps from its numerous sparkling and 

 ornamented, though small species, is not the least remarkable, the 

 genus of the Humming Birds ( TrocMlus) \ 



With the geographic distribution the migration of birds is 

 closely connected; this is the name given to the journeys under- 

 taken by many of them at stated times of the year. In order to pass 

 the winter in warmer regions, often far remote from the countries 

 where they make their nest^. There are only few birds in the 

 temperate and cold climates whlcli pass the whole year in the 



1 Compare on this subject Trevikanus Biologie, ii. s. 171 — 267,, Tiedemann 

 Zooloyie, in. s. 333 — 468, Illiger Tabellarische Uebersicht der Verhreitumj der Vogel, 

 Ahhandl. der Akad. der Wiss. zu Berlin, 1812, 1813, s. ■221 u. fF., Wilbrand tmd 

 EiTGEN Oenuilde der organ. Natur, Giessen, 1821, 8vo, ss. 89 — nr. 



2 See respecting it, amongst others, E. D. Eckmarck M'lgrationcs Avium in LiNN. 

 Amcen. Acad. iv. pp. 565 — 600 (extracts from Catesbt, Hasselquist and Klein), 

 H. Schlegel Verhandeling over het treMen der Vogels, Natuurh. Verhand. van de 

 Holl. Maatsch. der Wetensch. 1823, XVI. 2, 1. 1. 129 — 292. Also the articles compiled 

 from many writers, by Smelije Philosophy of Nat. Hist. Edinb. and London, 1790, i. 

 pp. 473 — 492; by ViREY Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. nat. xx. 1818, pp. 534 — 547, and espe- 

 cially by Tiedemann Zoologie, in. s. 580 — 642, may be referred to. 



