AVES. 415 



In some exotic species the wings are spurred and the bill has sometimes 

 lobed appendages. Sp. Vanellus goensis, Parra goensts Gm., Buff. PI. enl. 

 807 ; — Vanellus sencgallus, Parra senegalla L., Buff. PI. enl. 362, Vanellus 

 cucullaiiis, Temm. PL col. 505, &c. They form the genus Lohivanellus 

 Strickland, Chettusia Bonap., Gkat. 



Strejjsilas Illig., Cinclus MoEHE., Gray, Bill moderate, 

 subulate, acute, subascending. Nostrils basal, lateral, half covered 

 above hj membrane, pervious. Feet moderate, with toes short, the 

 anterior cloven; hallux raised, resting on the point. Tarsi scutel- 

 late anteriorly. Wings long, with first quill longest of all. Tail 

 truncated or rounded, moderate. 



Sp. Streimlas collaris Temm., Tringa interpres L., Buff. PL enl. 856, Lesson 

 Omith. PI. 94, fig. I, Naum. Taf. 180; the common turnstone, la tourne 

 pierre, der Steimvalzer ; so named because it turns over the stones with its 

 bill in search of worms and insects ; this species lives in the northern parts 

 of both hemispheres and visits our coasts. 



Family IX. Otides [Otidince'Qo^k.V.). Bill moderate or short, 

 broad at the base, curved at the tip. Feet cursorial, tridactylous, 

 with toes very short, joined at the base, with tarsi reticulately 

 scaled. Claws broad, obtuse. Wings moderate. (Large birds, 

 related to the gallifice, inhabitants of the old world.) 



Otis L. Bill moderate or short, with upper mandible vaulted 

 towards the tip. Nostrils placed in lateral groove, half covered by 

 membrane, pervious. Wings with first quill shorter, second, third, 

 and fourth subequal, fom-th longest of all. Tail long, broad (quill- 

 feathers mostly 20). 



See on this genus E. Rueppell MonograpMe der Gattung Otis, Museum 

 Senckenhergianum, II. Frankf. a. M. 1837, pp. 205 — -248, Tab. XIII. — XV. ; 

 compare Temminck PL color, v. (texte de la 102 livraison). 



The bustards are large birds of the eastern hemisphere, the greater 

 number of species of which are found in Africa. However much they 

 resemble (Edicnemus and still more Cursorius, I conceive that they ought 

 to be regarded as a distinct family, which forms the transition to the galli- 

 naceous birds. They are not migratory birds, but stragglers, and live 

 mostly in society on corn-fields and widely extended plains. Their food con- 

 sists of green parts of plants, seeds, insects, and e.specially of beetles and 

 worms. 



a) With hill compressed, shoH. Otis Lesson, Gray. 



Sp. Otis tarda L., Buff. PL enl. 245, Less. Omith. PI. 93, fig. t, Naum. 

 Taf. 167, 168; the bustard, Voutarde, der Trappe; head and neck light 

 grey ; back red-brown with black spots ; in some parts of Europe, especially 



