AYES. ^ 433 



Sp. Tetrao urogallus L., Buff. PI. enl. 73, 74, Naum. Taf. 154, 155, the 

 coclc of the wood, le grand coq de la bruyere, der Auerhahn; in the forests of 

 fir-trees in the temperate and northern parts of Europe and in Siberia ; the 

 largest species, larger than a turkey; — Tetrao tetrlx L., BcFF. PI. enl. j'j2, 

 173, Nauji. Taf. r57, the black-grouse; breeds with us (Holland) on 

 heaths, especially in Drenthe; smaller than the preceding and with a 

 forked tail. In Sweden a cross between these two species occurs, which 

 has been described as a distinct species : Tetrao medius Meter, Naumann, 

 Taf. 156. See Nilsson (of whose observations Naumann gives a transla- 

 tion, VI. s. 314 — 323) Bkandinavkk Fauna, 11. 1, pp. 88 — 100, smd Illumi- 

 nerade Figurer, 2 Hiiftet, Lund, 1832, Tab. iv. a, Tetrao hybridus urogalloi- 

 des. A very remarkable American species is Tetrao uropliasianus Bonap., 

 Richardson Faun. Boreali-Amer., Birds, Tab. 58. 



To the species, whose tarsi are feathei-ed at the upper part only, belongs 

 Tetrao bonasia L., Buff, PI. enl. 474, 475, Naumann, Tab. 158; das 

 gemeine Haselhnhn, la gelinotte. 



Some of the species, in which the toes also are feathered, have a white winter 

 plumage, at which time the feathering of the toes becomes very dense, so 

 that the claws alone appear; they are somewhat larger than a partridge. 

 To these belongs Tetrao lagopus L., Tetrao alpinus Nilsson, Buff. PI. enl. 

 129 (fern, in winter plumage), 494 (in summer plumage), Naum. Taf. 160, 

 161, Ptarmigan; — Tetrao rupestrig Sabine, Eichardson Faun. Boreal. 

 Americ. Pt. 2, p. 354, Pi. 64, Roch ptarmigan, confounded with the 

 preceding by Temminck and others; see Jenyns Manual of Brit. Vert. 



Anim. p. 171; Tetrao scoticm Temm. is larger than the preceding, the 



winter plumage does not differ remarkably from the summer, the general 

 colour is a deep chestnut-brown, with black spots on the back and undu- 

 lating black lines below, naked space above the eyes of a bright scarlet 

 colour ; the red ptarmigan, commonly called the red grouse or moor fowl. 



Family XVII. Pteroclince. Bill short, compressed at the sides, 

 curved. Nostrils basal, concealed by the feathers of forehead. 

 Head plumed. Tarsi hirsute, strong; toes short; hallux raised, 

 small or none. Wings pointed, long, with first two quills longest 

 of all. Tail elongate, cuneate. 



Pterocles Temm. Bill short, in some thick, in some slender. 

 Nostrils basal, linear, covered with plumules above. Quill-feathers 

 pointed, first three subequal, the first, more rarely the second, 

 longest of all. Tarsi hirsute anteriorly, posteriorly naked, reticu- 

 late. Hallux short, internal, raised. 



Sp. Pterocles alchata, Tetrao alrkata L., Pterocles setariits Temm., Buff. PI. 

 enl. 105, 106, GuEE. Iconogr., Ois. PI. 44, fig. 3 (named Pterocl. arenarius), 

 Diet. univ. d'Hist. nat., Ois. PI. 27, fig. i; South of Europe ;— Pterocles 

 arenarius Temm., Tdrao arenarius Pall., Temm. PI. color. 52, 53, Naum. 



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